PURPOSES This study involved analysis of (a) type of injuries and medical services used by military casualties in 3 conflicts and (b) medical needs of military and civilian casualties from the 2006 conflict. BASIC PROCEDURES Military casualties from 3 conflicts and military and civilian casualties from the 2006 conflict were analyzed. Casualties were compared in relation to type of injury, le...

When states or armed rebels indiscriminately attack civilians, they generally attack civilians who support and/or have a substantial capacity to influence opposing states or rebel movements. Overthrowing, defeating or strongly pressuring such states or movements is the primary goal of terrorism, which is thus a kind of indirect warfare. ‘Categorical’ terrorism – violence against a whole categor...

Editorial Abstract: A crucial part of Air Force education in leadership occurs at Squadron Officer College (SOC), located at Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base (AFB), Alabama. This article explores curriculum changes in SOC’s four-week Aerospace Basic Course (ABC) for newly commissioned officers and Air Force–equivalent civilians, and five-week Squadron Officer School (SOS) for junior and m...

Research documents the mental health toll of combat operations on military personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan, but little research examines civilians who work alongside members of the military. In this research, we argue that a sense of threat is an ‘‘ambient stressor’’ that permeates daily life among civilians who work in these war zones, with mastery likely to both mediate and moderate the men...

Intelligent navigation systems can significantly improve the evacuation of civilians in urban emergencies by providing dynamic directions to the evacuees as the hazard spreads. In this paper, we propose two distributed and adaptive systems for building evacuation. The first system, called intelligent evacuation system (IES), is composed of a wireless network of static decision nodes (DNs) insta...

The RoboCup Rescue Simulation system provides a rich environment for developing novel techniques for multi-agent systems. The simulation provides a city map modeled as buildings and roads with civilians amongst them. A disaster scenario is simulated causing buildings to catch fire, roads to get blocked, and civilians to get injured and/or buried. The main goal is to use the available emergency ...

I was disappointed and saddened by the carelessness of the title ‘Going to war does not have to hurt’ in the June issue of the Journal (Hacker Hughes et al, 2005). One does not even have to mention the considerable number of British casualties in Iraq to realise that this headline is completely ill thought out and a particularly misplaced euphemism that fails to appreciate that war in modern ti...

We conducted an epidemiologic study to understand temporal and spatial patterns of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Republic of Korea (ROK). We estimated the incidence among civilians in endemic areas through the active surveillance system during the major epidemic periods, from September to December, between 1996 and 1998. We also estimated the prevalence among Korean milita...

INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking increases the risk of illness and early death for people with coronary heart disease. In 2010, Brown estimated prevalence rates for smoking among veterans and nonveterans with or without coronary heart disease in the United States, based on the 2003 through 2007 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Recent changes in BRFSS methods promi...

Since Feb 4, 2018, Syrian forces with Russian support have bombarded Eastern Ghouta, an enclave out of government control near Damascus. This military action has killed hundreds of civilians and injured more than 1550 people as of Feb 21, 2018, in an area where about 390 000 people, most of whom are civilians, have lived under siege since October, 2013. The recent escalation is reportedly part ...