although, once, in the far past, sending gifts and missionaries was called a type of public diplomacy, today it is manifested as academic disciplines, policy making institutions, and multi-purpose organizations. the most important institutions of these kinds, now, exist in the us, whose purpose is to promote the politics of this country as public diplomacy and to follow local and international ...

Throughout human history, science and technology have been the backbone of innovations that have driven economic development. Yet, rather oddly, they have not been seriously invoked in the pursuit of diplomacy. This Commentary examines the important role of science in diplomacy and its soft-power in world affairs and peace.

Global health diplomacy is an emerging discipline where health is incorporated into traditional diplomacy as a foreign policy tool. As, with any new area, there is a need for training. This article sets out what global health policy involves and the current academic response to providing training for it.

Global threats to public health in the 19th century sparked the development of international health diplomacy. Many international regimes on public health issues were created between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. The present article analyses the global risks in this field and the international legal responses to them between 1851 and 1951, and explores the lessons from the first century ...

Summary To understand the factors that contribute to successful city diplomacy, this essay explores example of how diplomacy is used attract international organisations. As soon as an organisation ( IO ) starts looking for a location, local networks are formed and candidate host cities selected internally. Cities benefit from hosting s, not only in worldwide reputation but also economic growth....

public diplomacy as a means for describing new aspects of international diplomacy which has become an issue for debate since 1960 has been assumed as a part of diplomacy evolution chain in different time periods. on the other hand, america should be considered as among numerable great power which has benefited from diplomacy since the beginning and it has always committed to modern and innovati...

one of the most important instruments of iranian foreign policy is an active and proactive cultural diplomacy. the exercise of such a diplomacy is more essential in neighboring strategic region of persian gulf. hence, this article strives to explore and explaine different aspects of iran’s cultural diplomacy and various determining variables that necessitate its exercise in that region. the mai...

La literatura dominante sobre ciudades glo­bales tiende a explicar la internacionalización de las urbes casi exclusivamente desde pers­pectiva los desarrollos recientes en el capi­talismo global, que han puesto corazón una economía mun­dial cada vez más globalizada, financiarizada y desregulada. estas llamadas globales se concibe como respuesta está condicionada por exigen­cias externas y, prin...

The study proposed here is the result of work conducted under NSF Digital Government Grant #306803, “How are we doing? Tracking country image in the information age.” The goal of the one-year planning grant (awarded May 2003) was to conduct project start-up activities. The objective of the study is to examine the institutional factors that influence the use of IT for knowledge management in pub...