We experimentally demonstrated a 2×2 all-optical packet sorter which can be used as a building block for an N×N packet sorter for all-optical packet-switched network. Both the header and payload rates are 10 Gb/s. ©2008 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (230.1150) All-optical devices; (060.4259) Networks, packet-switched; (060.1155) All-optical networks

The population phenology of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was monitored weekly for 110 wk on two species of Citrus, kinnow mandarin and sweet orange, at two different research sites in Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. Citrus flush growth patterns were monitored and natural enemy surveys were conducted weekly. Flush patterns were similar for kinnow and sweet orange. However, flush...

Citrus, as one of the globally important fruit trees, has been an object of interest for understanding genetics and evolutionary process in fruit crops. Meta-analyses of 19 Citrus species, including 4 globally and economically important Citrus sinensis, Citrus clementina, Citrus reticulata, and 1 Citrus relative Poncirus trifoliata, were performed. We observed that codons ending with A- or T- a...

In previous migration studies, the presence of citrus pollen on adult Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in conjunction with synoptic weather systems and 72-h backtrack trajectories, were used to identify source zones of migrants. However, data are lacking regarding the retention of citrus pollen for 72-h by H. zea adults. We exposed laboratory-reared and feral H. zea adults to citrus blooms for a 12-h ...

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. Because citrus canker is not found in many countries including European Union and Australia, Xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. In this study, the effects of X-irradiation on Xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were inv...

With only a few exceptions the minimum-comparator N-sorter networks employ the generalized "divide-sort-merge" strategy. That is, the N inputs are divided among g 2 2 smaller sorting networks -of size N1’N2’...‘Ng9 where N = g ck~1 Nk -that comprise the initial portion of the N-sorter network. The remainder of the N-sorter is a comparator network that merges the outputs of the Nl-, N2-, . . . ....

Citrus peels, the waste by-products of citrus juices factories are reckoned valuable healthful functional food. The present investigation performed to assess nutritional status of wheat and fortified biscuits with citrus peels powders. Study included determination of gross chemical composition, caloric value , minerals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Na, K and P) of wheat and fortified biscuits with citru...

The interest has increased in the consumption of Citrus fruits, it is not only due to their sweet refreshing properties but also because of their other important properties like medicinal, antioxidant and nutritional values . Four different indigenous varieties of Citrus namely Citrus grandis var Robab, Citrus grandis var Khaloi, Citrus sinensis var Valencia, and Citrus sinensis var Sohniangria...

This paper reviews the pharmacological properties of Mediterranean-grown citrus species (Citrus L., Rutaceae), including citron (Citrus medica L.), lime (Citrus xauantiifolia [Christm.] Swingle), lemon (Citrus xlimon [L.] Osbeck), bitter orange (Citrus xaurantium L.) and pomelo (Citrus maxima [Burm.] Merr.), as referred to in ancient, medieval and 16th century sources. The virtues of the specie...