Long lasting abusive consumption, dependence, and withdrawal are characteristic features of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Mechanistically, persistent changes in gene expression are hypothesized to contribute to brain adaptations leading to ethanol toxicity and AUD. We employed repeated chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure by vapor chamber as a mouse model to simulate the cycles of ethanol...

Bioactive nanocomposites were constructed, containing chitosan (Cht), extracted from shrimps’ wastes, and transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) using ionic-gelation. Selenium NPs (Se-NPs) phytosynthesized cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark extract (CIE), characterized evaluated with Cht-NPs as antimicrobial composites against bacterial food-borne pathogens “Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhim...

Four assays for the detection of alphafetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated. The frequency of AFP detection was compared in 89 HCC patients and in 71 patients with chronic active hepatitis/cirrhosis. Of the four assays, immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), supplement CIE, and radioimmunoassay, the best for differentiating pat...

Traditionally, dental-shade-guide standards are designated in terms of Munsell hue (H), value (V), and chroma (C). However, delta E color differences proposed as ADA tolerances for shade guides are in the CIE L*a*b* system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new color-difference equation, delta EM = C delta H/5 + 7 delta V + 4 delta C for estimation of small color differences by Munsel...

Colorimetry, 2 edition (4) contains all the definitions of colorimetric terms, discusses CIE colorimetric practice and provides many useful tables to perform colorimetric calculations. CIE Technical Committee TC 1-48 deals at the present moment with updating this publication. The update will not change anything basic in CIE colorimetry. It will mainly get the recommendations in line with the re...

Clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) allows internalization of plasma membrane proteins lacking clathrin-targeting sequences, such as the major histocompatibility complex class I protein (MHCI), into cells. After internalization, vesicles containing MHCI fuse with transferrin-containing endosomes generated from clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In HeLa cells, MHCI is subsequently routed to late...

Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that daily forced swim stress (FSS) prior to ethanol drinking sessions facilitates enhanced ethanol consumption in mice with a history of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor exposure without altering ethanol intake in air-exposed controls. Because both stress and chronic ethanol exposure have been shown to activate the dynorphin/kappa opioid recep...

Six of the seven Technical Committees of CIE Division 8 met in Scottsdale, AZ in conjunction with the recent IS&T 10th Color Imaging Conference. In addition, Todd Newman, Director of CIE Division 8, presented a Division 8 update as part of the conference. Therefore, it seems appropriate to make CIE Division 8, Image Technology, the focus of this Standards Update. My appreciation to Todd for all...