Fear is a very strong stressor, and the highly variable results of handling and transportation studies are likely to be due to different levels of psychological stress. Psychological stress is fear stress. Some examples are restraint, contact with people, or exposure to novelty. In many different animals, stimulation of the amygdala with an implanted electrode triggers a complex pattern of beha...

During the last three decades, the introduction of new construction materials (e.g. RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), strengthened gabions) has increased the interest for stepped channels and spillways. However stepped chute hydraulics is not simple, because of different flow regimes and importantly because of very-strong interactions between entrained air and turbulence. In this study, new air-...

For overflow weirs and embankments, the stepped chute profile may increase the rate of energy dissipation on the waterway. Herein four different stepped chute configurations were tested with a focus on the cavity flow processes, flow aeration and energy dissipation performances. Detailed flow visualisations and air-water flow measurements were conducted for all configurations. The results highl...

Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Constitutive relations in dense granular flows JOHN DROZD, COLIN DENNISTON, University of Western Ontario — We use simulations to investigate constitutive relations in dry granular flow. Our system is comprised of monoand poly-disperse sets of spherical grains falling down a vertical chute under the influence of gravity. We observ...

rock chutes are natural river training structures and are efficient energy dissipaters too. from the hydraulic and environmental point of view, rock chutes have become important structures in the natural river morphology. a physical study was conducted and flow properties were measured over rough bed materials of a rock chute, which was assembled at the pitlab center of the university of pisa, ...

– Inelastic grains in a flow under gravitation tend to collapse into states in which the relative normal velocities of two neighboring grains is zero. If the time scale for this gravitational collapse is shorter than inverse strain rates in the flow, we propose that this collapse will lead to the formation of “granular eddies”, large scale condensed structures of particles moving coherently wit...