the pain anxiety symptoms scale (pass-20) has been developed as a general measure of anxiety and fear in individuals with various chronic pain disorders by mccracken and dhingra (2002). short-form scale of pass-20 has been extracted from 40 items of dass which published in 1992. this study aimed (1) to examine the factor structure of a persian language version of the pass-20 (irpass-20); (2) to...

OBJECTIVE Anxiety symptoms are common in chronic pain patients. High levels of anxiety are associated with increased pain experience and disability. Proneness to anxiety has a large interindividual variation. The aim of the study was to determine whether the anxiety-related temperament trait Harm Avoidance (HA), is associated with pain-related anxiety. METHODS One hundred chronic pain patient...

abstract background: the most important part in experiencing and recognizing the threshold of pain is the perception of pain. reflexology is a kind of complementary therapy which is rooted in the beliefs of the community. this study was aimed to determine the effect of reflexology on pain perception aspects in patients with chronic low back pain. materials and methods: this single-blind clinica...

OBJECTIVE To study the psychometric properties and preference for five different pain intensity scales (horizontal visual analog scale [VAS], vertical VAS, Box-11, Box-21, and verbal descriptor scale) across different age groups. DESIGN Chronic pain patients rated their present, average, weakest, and strongest pain on five different scales, and indicated scale preference. SETTING Outpatient...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of consecutively supervised core stability training on postural control and functional disability in female patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty nine female participants with non-specific chronic low back pain participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (10 ...

it is widely believed that pain has a profound effect on health related quality of life. this study was conducted to assess quality of life in patients suffering from different density of chronic low back pain. the sample consisted of 101 patients with chronic low back pain attending to the rheumatology research center of tehran university of medical sciences between july and september 2003. al...

objectives: the aim of this study was to examine the effects of consecutively supervised core stability training on postural control and functional disability in female patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. methods: twenty nine female participants with non-specific chronic low back pain participated in the study. they were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (10 day...

This paper describes the development and validation of a measure of strategies used by patients to cope with chronic pain, the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI). A 104-item measure of pain coping responses and 3 measures of functioning were completed by 176 chronic pain patients. Two-week retest data were provided by 111 of these patients. Item and scale analyses resulted in a 65-item measur...

Chronic pain produces major functional disability and quality-of-life impairment. Monitoring of healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in chronic pain patients during treatment is of great importance. Nevertheless, monitoring individual chronic pain patients remains a challenge due to the lack of a validated and efficient HRQoL assessment instrument. The Treatment Outcomes in Pain Surve...

background: chronic low back pain (clbp) is one of the most prevalent health problems which is affected by psychological disorders. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of psychological intervention on chronic low back pain among a sample of iranian nurses.   material and methods: this is a randomized clinical trial. the participants of this study consisted of 84 nurses suffering from...