Lung transplantation offers a lifesaving therapy for patients with end-stage lung disease but its availability is presently limited by low organ utilization rates donor lungs frequently excluded due to unsuitability at assessment. When does occur, recipients are then vulnerable primary graft dysfunction (PGD), multitudinous short-term complications, and chronic allograft dysfunction. The decisi...

Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option for patients with end-stage pulmonary disorders. Unfortunately, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), most commonly manifest as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), continues to be highly prevalent and is the major limitation to long-term survival. The pathogenesis of BOS is complex and involves alloimmune and nonalloimmune pathways. Clinica...