Acknowledgements....................................................... i ü

Choline oxidase catalyzes the flavin-dependent, two-step oxidation of choline to glycine betaine via the formation of an aldehyde intermediate. The oxidation of choline includes two reductive half-reactions followed by oxidative half-reactions. In the first oxidation reaction, the alcohol substrate is activated to its alkoxide via proton abstraction and oxidized via transfer of a hydride from t...

*Parag H. Joshi, MD, MHS Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Matthew J. Budoff, MD Michael D. Miedema, MD, MPH Robyn L. McClelland, PhD Joao A.C. Lima, MD Arthur S. Agatston, MD Ron Blankstein, MD Roger S. Blumenthal, MD Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH *Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, #E5-730F Dallas, Texas 75390-8830 E-mail...

Flavin-dependent enzymes are characterized by an amazing chemical versatility and play important roles in different cellular pathways. The FAD-containing choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis oxidizes choline to glycine betaine and retains the intermediate betaine aldehyde in the active site. The reduced FAD is oxidized by oxygen. Glycine betaine is an important osmoprotectant accumulat...

Redistribution of axonal enzymes as a function of time in vitro was studied in an unbranched segment of frog sciatic nerve. Cholinesterase activity moved peripherally at a rate of 99 mm/day and centrally at 19 mm/day. One-quarter of the total nerve content of the enzyme was estimated to be in motion, one-eighth in each direction. Mitochondrial enzymes (hexokinase and glutamic dehydrogenase) mov...

The current study aimed to lay a theoretical foundation for further development of choline as an anti-hypoxia damage drug. Wild-type, 3- to 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into a normoxic control group (n=16) and a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) group (n=16). The effects of CIH on acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated ...

AbstractGlycine Betaine is a quaternary amino compound accumulates in stress conditions mainly abiotic stresses like drought and salinity & synthesized by the two-step oxidation of choline via the intermediate betaine aldehyde, catalyzed by Choline monooxygenase and Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). The sequence analysis of key enzyme of Glycine betaine biosynthesis i.e. BADH was carried o...