Until now, quinine has been used worldwide as the drug of choice for the emergency treatment of severe and complicated malaria. In fact, the long­ standing dependability of quinine has created a context of clinical confidence and reduced the per­ ceived threat of P. Jalciparum recrudescence where quinine and quinidine are available. However, in a situation of substantial loss of efficacy, it is...

background: this study investigated the association between pfcrt, t76 allele and chloroquine resistance in patients with falciparum malaria. molecular assays for point mutations on drugs resistance-related genes are applied tools for monitoring emerging resistance and surveillance malaria control strategies in endemic areas. the mutant genotype at codon 76 of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine ...

Background & objectives : The in vitro assays for susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs are important tools for monitoring drug resistance. During the present study, efforts were made to establish long-term continuous in vitro culture of Indian field isolates of P. falciparum and to determine their sensitivity to standard antimalarial drugs and antibiotics. Methods Fou...

drug resistance in malaria parasites is extending in the world particularly in chemical synthesized drugs such as 4- aminoquinolines and aminoalcoholes. employing herbal extracts is encouraged by who in the malarious areas. in this study, the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of artemisia aucheri individually and in combination with chloroquine, has been considered against chloroquine - sensit...

there was a statistically significant difference in the number of oocysts, developed in anopheles stephensi which had fed on mice infected with chloroquine resistant strains (ny 151./2b and. p.y. nigeriensis) and treated with 1 or 10 mg/kg chloroquine phosphate, when compared with the mosquitoes fed on saline injected control animals infected with the same lines. there was no significant differ...

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase was purified over 400-fold from Plasmodium berghei. The purified enzyme was stable in 0.4 m potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.5 m glucose, 1 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 1 mm MgCl(2). It had a molecular weight of 280,000 determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in this buffer, but it aggregated and was unstable ...

the production of experimentally induced drug resistance in the laboratory provides valuable opportunities for investigators to study the nature and genetics of drug resistance mechanisms to a given agent, patterns of cross resistance and the mode of action of drugs. at the beginning the continuous drug exposure was chosen as a standard procedure to produce drug— resistant strains of p. falcipa...

Addition of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) to permeabilized G1-arrested baby hamster kidney cells resulted in the stimulation of DNA synthesis. No stimulation was observed in cells from exponentially growing cultures. The Ap4A-stimulated [3H]dTTP incorporation was inhibited by nalidixic acid, daunomycin, chloroquine diphosphate, EDTA, and N-ethylmaleimide. It was dose-dependent...

Antibodies and Reagents. Recombinant mouse IFN-γ was from PeproTech, recombinant human IFN-β was from PBL Biomedical, recombinant mouse IFN-β was from R&D Systems and recombinant human Flt-3L was from Origene Inc. Anti-CD32a (clone IV.3) was from Stemcell Technologies, Alexa-Fluor-647 conjugated anti-LAMP1 (clone eBio1D4B) was from eBioscience, APC-conjugated anti-B220 (clone R3-6B2) was from B...

malaria is one of the worldwide parasitic diseases which threaten the life of hundreds of millions of people at the malarious areas each year. the emergence of chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum in most of the malarious areas has encountered the relevant countries with some difficulties about treating the acute cases of the disease particulary if the monotherapy regimen has ...