RNA transcription in Euglena gracilis chloroplasts has been characterized by hybridization of RNA from cells at different stages of chloroplast development to (3)H-labeled chloroplast DNA restriction endonuclease fragments. Chloroplast DNA was digested into five fragments of 53,000, 35,000, 25,000, 10,000, and 6900 base pairs with Pst I. The 53,000-base-pair DNA was further cleaved by BamHI dig...

Analysis of the maize chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels that contain sodium dodecyl sulfate shows that the enzyme is multimeric. It contains at least two polypeptides of 180,000 and 140,000 daltons. Polypeptides of lower molecular mass that are associated with the enzyme at several stages of purification may also be subunits of the enzyme. Electr...

Synthesis of the D2 protein of photosystem II in Chlamydomonas is controlled by a high molecular mass complex containing the RNA stabilization factor Nac2 and the translational activator RBP40 23 3.2 Enrichment of native, high molecular weight ribonucleoprotein complexes from chloroplast by consecutive gel filtration steps 37 3.3 An intermolecular disulfide-based light switch for chloroplast ps...

Prominent polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 180, 120, 85, and 38 kDa are found in an extensively purified preparation of maize chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that retains the capacity to initiate transcription of the cloned chloroplast gene rbcL correctly and the requirement for a supercoiled DNA template for specific and active transcription. Amino-terminal amino acid se...

The chloroplast ribosome is a large and dynamic ribonucleoprotein machine that is composed of the 30S and 50S subunits. Although the components of the chloroplast ribosome have been identified in the last decade, the molecular mechanisms driving chloroplast ribosome biogenesis remain largely elusive. Here, we show that RNA helicase 22 (RH22), a putative DEAD RNA helicase, is involved in chlorop...

The rate of appearance of labelled RNA in the chloroplast and mitochondria as compared with the rate in the remaining cytoplasm was studied in the unicellular flagellate, Ochromonas danica, by electron-microscope autoradiography. Greening cells were labelled withuridine5,6['H] for a short (30 min) and a long (2 h) interval and the concentration of label, expressed as grains/unit area, determine...

responses of plants to salinity stress and development of salt tolerance are extremely complex and various mechanisms appear to be involved. we employed a proteomic approach to study the mechanism of plant responses to salinity in a sensitive cultivar of barley (527 line). three-week-old seedlings were treated with 300 mm nacl for 3 weeks. total proteins of fourth leaf were extracted and separa...

Photosynthesis is the biological process, by which photosynthetic organisms convert light energy and carbon dioxide into organic compounds. In plants, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast, and this organelle evolved from the ancestor of cyanobacteria by endosymbiosis. The chloroplast proteome contains thousands of proteins, of which most are encoded by the nuclear genome. Transcriptome...

An Arabidopsis cDNA (Atrbp33) encoding a nuclear-encoded chloroplast RNA-binding protein (RBP) has been isolated (A.J. DeLisle [1993] Plant Physiol 102: 313-314). ATRBP33 shares global structural homology with all known chloroplast RBPs: a chloroplast transit peptide in the amino terminus, followed by a unique acidic domain and a tandem pair of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence-type RNA-bind...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY We report the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae), a species of chili pepper. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an Illumina platform, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of C. frutescens. The total length of the genome is 156,817 bp, and the overall GC content is 37.7%. A pair of 25,792-bp inverted repeats is separated by small (17,853 ...