Organelle movement is essential for proper function of living cells. In plants, these movements generally depend on actin filaments, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, in Arabidopsis, we identify associations of short actin filaments along the chloroplast periphery on the plasma membrane side associated with chloroplast photorelocation and anchoring to the plasma membrane. We have t...

Chloroplast subfractions were tested with a UV cross-linking assay for proteins that bind to the 5' untranslated region of the chloroplast psbC mRNA of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These analyses revealed that RNA-binding proteins of 30-32, 46, 47, 60, and 80 kD are associated with chloroplast membranes. The buoyant density and the acyl lipid composition of these membranes are comp...

Cultured leaf disks from young spinach leaves have been used to study chloroplast DNA synthesis in relation to chloroplast growth and repli­ cation. Autoradiographs prepared from thin sections show th a t labelling throughout disks is uniform. We consider th a t cultured leaf disks serve as a model system for studies of cell expansion and chloroplast replication during the development of spinac...

Cultured leaf disks from young spinach leaves have been used to study chloroplast DNA synthesis in relation to chloroplast growth and repli­ cation. Autoradiographs prepared from thin sections show th a t labelling throughout disks is uniform. We consider th a t cultured leaf disks serve as a model system for studies of cell expansion and chloroplast replication during the development of spinac...

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.12 and 1.2.1.13) have been purified from the seed, root, etiolated, and green shoot of peas (Pisum sativum). These enzymes are tetramers of 140,000 daltons, with subunits of 35,000 daltons. The enzymes differ in isoelectric point. The seed enzyme has a pI of 5.1, and the root enzyme has a pI of 4.5. The cytoplasmic enzyme from etiolated shoots...

The chloroplast ultrastructure of two Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pigment variant mutants, U3N and U3A, is strikingly different from that of the wild type. The mutant chloroplast has greatly lowered levels of chlorophyll a and b, and lacks the usual ordered thylakoid membrane structure. The amount of chloroplast ribosomes is increased, but the pyrenoid and surrounding starch grains appear to be u...

Recently, the complete chloroplast genome sequences of many important crop plants were determined, and this can be considered a major step forward toward exploiting the usefulness of chloroplast genetic engineering technology. Economically, cotton is one of the most important crop plants for many countries. To further our understanding of this important crop, we determined the complete nucleoti...

Chloroplast-derived signals modulate expression of nuclear genes for chloroplast proteins. GUN1 has recently been identified as a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein that integrates information from several different signalling pathways.

Chloroplast capture occurs when the chloroplast of one plant species is introgressed into another plant species. The phylogenies of nuclear and chloroplast markers from East Asian Arabis species are incongruent, which indicates hybrid origin and shows chloroplast capture. In the present study, the complete chloroplast genomes of A. hirsuta, A. nipponica, and A. flagellosa were sequenced in orde...