Mustard gas, bis(β-chloroethyl) sulfide (HD), is highly toxic and harmful to humans and the environment. It comprises one class of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) that was used in both World Wars I and II. The three basic analogues or surrogates are: the monochloro derivative, known as the half mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES); an oxygen analogue, bis(β-chloroethyl) ether (BCEE); and ...

The decontamination and remediation of sulfur mustard chemical warfare agents remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, we report the use of "off-the-shelf" metal salts alongside commercially available peroxides to catalyze the degradation of the simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) in solution and encapsulated within a supramolecular gel.

The photooxidation of a mustard-gas simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), is studied using a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (MOF) catalyst. At room temperature and neutral pH value, singlet oxygen is generated by PCN-222/MOF-545 using an inexpensive and commercially available light-emitting diode. The singlet oxygen produced by PCN-222/MOF-545 selectively oxidizes CEES to the c...

Television markets in the CEE region have experienced rapid growth in recent years. The number of multichannel TV households (households that can receive cable or satellite television, as well as terrestrial channels) grew by almost 50 percent and the share of Pay TV increased to over 40 percent between 2008 and 2010. Demand for multichannel TV in the region, however, is far from reaching satur...

My paper addresses an issue that is rarely discussed in the economics literature: how does the economic actors’ trust in each other and in the legal and political institutions affect a country’s economic performance? The first part of the paper is an empirical analysis of the interrelationship between confidence in institutions in different countries, the economic actors’ willingness to coopera...

in the present study, tenorite (cuo) nanoparticles have been assayed for their catalytic properties. the decontamination reaction of chloro ethyl ethyl sulfide (cees) as an surrogate of sulfur mustard simulant have been accomplished on the surface of cuo nps with different weight ratios at ambient temperature and monitored by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (gc-fid) a...

Tremendous potential exists for the growth of metal finishing industry in this century through the development of processes that are either environmentally friendly or are applicable at the nano scale. In the CEE the theoretical and experimental studies are performed to achieve such coatings. Nanostructured alloys and innovative composite materials were developed through adaptation of existing ...

The sources and environmental levels of the PBTs in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are broadly described. Most of the countries in the region produce and/or formulate pesticides. The pesticide registration is a primary requirement for import, production and distribution. The special attention must be given to unwanted pesticides. The problem of unwanted and expired pesticides pose ...