We study the relationship between education and fertility, exploiting compulsory schooling reforms in Europe as source of exogenous variation in education. Using data from 8 European countries, we assess the causal effect of education on the number of biological kids and the incidence of childlessness. We find that more education causes a substantial decrease in childlessness and an increase in...

We develop a theory of fertility, distinguishing its intensive margin from its extensive margin. The deep parameters are identified using facts from the 1990 US Census: (i) fertility of mothers decreases with education; (ii) childlessness exhibits a U-shaped relationship with education; (iii) the relationship between marriage rates and education is hump-shaped for women and increasing for men. ...

are presented on the ABO and Rh blood groups in relation to blood donors' marital status and childlessness. In a subsequent paper data will be presented on the ABO and Rh blood groups in relation to the number, sex, and mortality of blood donors' children. As in the previous paper the data have been obtained from a questionary completed by 5785 blood donors aged 20-65 of the Aberdeen and N.E. S...

Childlessness and infertility care are neglected aspects of family planning in resource-poor countries, although the consequences of involuntary childlessness are much more dramatic and can create more wide ranging societal problems compared to Western societies, particularly for women. Because many families in developing countries completely depend on children for economic survival, childlessn...

Introduction Historically, childlessness is not a new phenomenon but its demographic context and nature has changed (Rowland 2007). Currently, childlessness is related not only to being infertile or single, but more and more often it results from various external obstacles (e.g., financial, work-related) or is associated with a shift in people’s attitudes and life priorities (Hagestad and Call ...

similar reasons we thought that it would not be helpful to go back to our records of the women aged 50 to establish how many of these had delayed their first live birth until the age of 35 and over, as they formed such a different group from our current 35 year olds. The difficulty in classifying voluntarily childless women has been considered elsewhere.8 A woman's perception of her childless s...

Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40-54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government s...

Semen specimens from four groups of patients were evaluated for coagulation and fibrinolysis factors: a group of patients with infertile semen and involuntary childlessness (n = 35), a group with fertile semen and involuntary childlessness (n = 39), a group with fertile semen and proven fertility before vasectomy (n = 34) and a group with infertile semen after vasectomy (n = 147). The third pat...

Background and Objectives Relatively little research investigated whether experiences during young adulthood have long-lasting consequences for older age loneliness. This article examines whether deviations from culturally based scripts regarding family transitions represent risk factors for later-life loneliness. Moreover, it analyzes whether and in which conditions long-term associations betw...