BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer mortality figures argue powerfully for new approaches to control this disease. The term chemoprevention can be defined as the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent premalignancy from progressing to invasive cancer. METHODS Issues related to lung cancer chemop...

Clear links have been established between occupational or therapeutic radiation exposure and breast cancer. Tamoxifen chemoprevention following radiation exposure may be able to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer later in life. In order to model carcinogenesis in this setting, an in vivo model of tamoxifen chemoprevention and tamoxifen failure in a radiation-induced rat mammary carcino...

OBJECTIVE Assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using biomarkers and risk assessment tools to stratify women for breast cancer preventive interventions. METHODS A Markov model was developed to compare risk management strategies for high-risk women considering chemoprevention. Annual screening is compared to the use of chemoprevention for all women and the use of risk assessment t...

BACKGROUND The malaria-specific T-cell response is believed to be important for protective immunity. Antimalarial chemoprevention may affect this response by altering exposure to malaria antigens. METHODS We performed interferon γ (IFNγ) ELISpot assays to assess the cellular immune response to blood-stage and pre-erythrocytic antigens longitudinally from 1 to 3 years of age in 196 children en...

Current Status The decade ofthe 1990s is witnessing an endorsement of the science of preventing cancer by chemical means. This represents a significant departure from the emphasis on therapeutic strategies which characterized research efforts in the 1970s and 1980s. Already more than 1 00,000 subjects have been involved in chemoprevention trials, and in 1992 the NSABP1 launched the largest nati...

The multistep process of carcinogenesis, which can take many years, provides many opportunities for intervention to inhibit disease progression. Effective chemoprevention agents may reduce the risk of cancer by inhibiting the initiation stage of carcinoma through induction of apoptosis or DNA repair in cells harboring mutations, or they may act to prevent promotion of tumor growth. Similarly, c...