[no abstract available]

background: exposure to chemical warfare gases significantly changes the quality of life (qol) of victims and has significant chronic adverse effects. objective: this study sought to assess the health-related qol (hrqol) of chemical victims by means of a tool specifically designed for this purpose. the correlation of their qol with several demographic factors was evaluated as well. patients and...

Forensic laboratories do not have the infrastructure to process or store contaminated DNA samples that have been recovered from a crime scene contaminated with chemical or biological warfare agents. Previous research has shown that DNA profiles can be recovered from blood exposed to several chemical warfare agents after the agent has been removed. The fate of four toxic agents, sulfur mustard, ...

Chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants as well as their degradation and hydrolysis products were detected from surfaces using thermal desorption ion mobility spectrometry (TD-IMS). CWA simulant materials that closely mimic the chemical structures of real CWA G/V-type nerve and S-type vesicant simulants were used in this study. Reduced mobility constants (K0) in air were reported for 20 compound...

Leaf-cutting ants are well known for their highly complex social organization, which provides them with a strong defense against parasites invading their colonies. Besides this attribute, these insects have morphological, physiological and structural characteristics further reinforcing the defense of their colonies. With the discovery of symbiotic bacteria present on the integument of leaf-cutt...

There have been reports of chemical attacks in which sulfur mustard might have been used (a) on Iranian soldiers and civilians during the Gulf War in 1984 and 1985 and (b) in an Iraqi chemical attack on the Iranian-occupied village of Halbja in 1988, resulting in many civilian casualties. Heavy use of chemical warfare in Afghanistan by the Soviet military is a recent innovation in military tact...

TiO2 nanoparticles, as a photocatalyst for oxidation of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as an organophosphorus simulant of chemical warfare agent, were prepared by using sol-gel method. The prepared nanoparticles were then modified with transition metals in order to decrease the electron-hole recombination and increase the photocatalytic activity. Transition metal ions including Pt...

evidence acquisition this systematic review proposes a new triage system for patients exposed to nerve agents. information regarding clinical signs and symptoms of intoxication with nerve agents, primary treatments, and classification of patients were extracted from the literature. all related articles were reviewed. subsequently, specialists from different disciplines were invited to discuss a...