BACKGROUND The use of non-aqueous organic media is becoming increasingly important in many biotechnological applications in order to achieve process intensification. Such media can be used, for example, to directly extract poorly water-soluble toxic products from fermentations. Likewise many biological reactions require the supply of oxygen, most normally from air. However, reliable online meas...

The chemical sector is the third largest industry in Europe. There is increasing evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies that occupational exposures to organic solvents may have detrimental effect on hearing. Most of the literature data concern one of the three following types of exposure to industrial solvents: mixed solvent exposure (the most common type); styrene-only exposure; an...

Solvents are widely used in wood conservation for either dissolving polymers for consolidation purposes or for removing dirt or foreign matter, which was applied during previous conservation. Solvents may cause temporary swelling of the wood, and when they evaporate wood returns back to its original size. They may form complexes with wood components when unlimited swelling arises as a consequen...

Solvents are widely recognized to be of great environmental concern. The reduction of their use is one of the most important aims of green chemistry. In addition to this, the appropriate selection of solvent for a process can greatly improve the sustainability of a chemical production process. There has also been extensive research into the application of so-called green solvents, such as ionic...

Xylenes (mixtures of ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers) are used as industrial solvents, synthetic intermediates, and solvents in commercial products such as paints, coatings, adhesive removers, and paint thinners; they are also a component of gasoline. Xylenes are released to the atmosphere primarily as fugitive emissions from industrial sources (e.g., petroleum refineries, chemical plants), in ...

A case-control study of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been carried out in western Norway. The study included 93% of the patients who had clinical onset of MS in the county of Hordaland during the years 1976-86 (N = 155) and 200 controls, marginally matched for age, sex and residence. There was no statistically significant difference between MS patients and controls with regard to exposure to orga...

The physical and chemical properties vapour pressure, boiling point and solubilities of all substances have their origin in the Coulomb interaction between the molecules. The various interactions itself derive from the drive to minimize the Coulomb energy of the valence electrons. A classification of the electrostatic interaction allows an exemplification and estimation of the interaction stren...

The effect of metal ions and chemical solvents on the adsorption of Salmonella phage isolated from sewage water on Salmonella choleraesuis subspecies indica showed how they interfere in the phage-host interaction process in the aquatic systems. Already the studies regarding the effect of metal ions had been done, but still the adsorption properties of different phages differ with ionic concentr...

A COSMO-RS descriptor (S(sigma-profile)) has been used in quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) studies by a neural network (NN) for the prediction of empirical solvent polarity E(T)(N) scale of neat ionic liquids (ILs) and their mixtures with organic solvents. S(sigma-profile) is a two-dimensional quantum chemical parameter which quantifies the polar electronic charge of chemical...

In this study, in order to explain the solvent and spin state effects on the molecular structure of catechol-Fe complex [Fe(cat)3] where n = 2 and 3, Hartree Fock (HF)-Density Functional Theory (DFT) hybrid calculations are performed at the B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) level of theory. The binding energies of Fe and Fe in high-spin state are higher than intermediate and low-spin states which show that the...