Planar waveguides have evanescent fields sensitive to index of refraction changes in the volume immediately above the waveguide surface. Optically combining one guided sensing beam with a reference beam in an interferometric configuration generates measurable signals. Applying a chemically selective film over the sensing arm of the interferometer provides the basis for a chemical sensor. Tailor...

In this paper, problems related to the fabrication of semiconductor (bio)chemical sensors and microreactors, including modification of the surface of different materials (semiconductors, dielectric materials, polymers) to create a sensing membrane on the transducer’s surface and immobilise bioreceptors namely enzymes are discussed.

Recognition of different agents including chemical and biological plays important role in forensic, biomedical and environmentalfield.In recent decades, nanotechnology and nano materials had a high impact on development of sensors. Using  nanomaterials in construction of biosensors can effectively improve the Sensitivity and other features of biosensors. Different type of nanostructures includi...

Chemical sensors are one of the oldest fields of research closely related to the semiconductor technology. From the IonSensitive Field-Effect Transistors (ISFET) in the 70’s, through MicroElectro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) sensors from the end of the 80’s, chemical sensors are combining in the 90’s MEMS technology with LSI intelligence to devise more selective, sensitive and autonomous devices to...

This review focuses on chemical sensors based on cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives. This has been a field of classical interest, and is now of current interest for numerous scientists. First, typical chemical sensors using chromophore appended CDs are mentioned. Various "turn-off" and "turn-on" fluorescent chemical sensors, in which fluorescence intensity was decreased or increased by complexation ...