IIntroduction: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates the excitability of cortical neural networks. The effect of rTMS on excitability of cortical networks depends on its frequency. According to the previous reports, a distinction is made between low (<1Hz) and high frequencies of rTMS. Low frequencies of rTMS inhibit seizure but high frequencies increase it. In the curre...

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neural disorder in which abnormal plastic changes during short and long term periods lead to increased excitability of brain tissue. Kindling is an animal model of epileptogenesis which results in changes of synaptic plasticity due to repetitive electrical or chemical sub-convulsive stimulations of the brain. Lateral hypothalamus, as the main niche of orexin neurons ...

Kindling in rats produces enduring behavioral changes that parallel the psychobehavioral disturbances frequently accompanying temporal lobe epilepsy. Some evidence suggests that the site of kindling is an important determinant of the type of behavioral changes observed following kindling, although this variable has not been systematically investigated. In the present experiments, the effects of...

Repeated subconvulsive electrical stimulation of certain areas of the forebrain leads to kindling, a progressive and permanent amplification of evoked epileptiform activity, which is a model for human temporal lobe epilepsy. Recent studies have shown that kindling induces synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the hip...

asCP, the unique green fluorescent protein-like nonfluorescent chromoprotein from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata, becomes fluorescent ("kindles") upon green light irradiation, with maximum emission at 595 nm. The kindled protein then relaxes to a nonfluorescent state or can be "quenched" instantly by blue light irradiation. In this work, we used asCP mutants to investigate the mechanism under...

Abbreviations: AD, after-discharge; ADD, AD duration; ADT, AD threshold; PS, primary site; PTE, positive transfer effect; SS, secondary site Kindling is the progression of behavioral and electrographical seizure induced by repeated activation of neural pathways with initial subclinical stimulations (Goddard et al., 1969). Once kindling is established, the kindling effect is sustained for a long...

Early life stress results in an enduring vulnerability to kindling-induced epileptogenesis in rats, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Recent studies indicate the involvement of thalamocortical neuronal circuits in the progression of kindling epileptogenesis. Therefore, we sought to determine in vivo the effects of early life stress and amygdala kindling on the firing patter...

Introduction: In the Kindling-induced seizure model, low and repeated electrical or chemical stimulations, can elevate the neural network excitability and induce epileptiform seizures. Opioid receptors are widely distributed in different areas of the brain. On the other hand, morphine has paradoxical effects and induces elevation or alleviation of the pain sensation and excitability, at differe...

introduction: in the kindling-induced seizure model, low and repeated electrical or chemical stimulations, can elevate the neural network excitability and induce epileptiform seizures. opioid receptors are widely distributed in different areas of the brain. on the other hand, morphine has paradoxical effects and induces elevation or alleviation of the pain sensation and excitability, at differe...