A rapid detection protocol suitable for use by first-responders to detect anthrax spores using a low-cost, battery-powered, portable Raman spectrometer has been developed. Bacillus subtilis spores, harmless simulants for Bacillus anthracis, were studied using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on silver film over nanosphere (AgFON) substrates. Calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA), a biomarker f...

To isolate and detect anthrax spores from soil in different regions of Isfahan, Iran a total of 60 environmental specimens were collected during 2003. Bacterial endospores were extracted via flotation in distilled water and were cultured on blood agar and selective PLET media. Bacillus anthracis was identified using bacteriological and biological tests. Viable Bacillus anthracis spores were iso...

BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial commonly used to disinfect the skin of patients to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections. Because chlorhexidine is not sporicidal, it is not anticipated that it would have an impact on skin contamination with Clostridium difficile, the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. However, although chlorhexidine ...

The chemical and enzymatic properties of the cytochrome system in the particulate preparations obtained from dormant spores, germinated spores, young vegetative cells, and vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 were investigated. Difference spectra of particulate fractions from dormant spores of this strain suggested the presence of cytochromes a, a(3), b, c(+c(1)), and o. All of the cyto...

A spore assay was developed to measure the relative density of spores of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis in soil. Orchard soil containing H. rhossiliensis-parasitized Criconemella xenoplax was placed in vials and incubated for 0-120 days before the addition of probe nematodes, Heterorhabditis heliothidis juveniles. After 18 hours, H. heliothidis were extracted from the soil an...

the morphological diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) at the anguran zn and pb mining region (zanjan province, iran) were studied along a transect from the mine to 4500 m away. within each plot, a composite sample of root and rhizospheric soil from a dominant indigenous plant was collected. the soil samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical characteristics. spores were extrac...

Berlin, E. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.), H. R. Curran, and M. J. Pallansch. Physical surface features and chemical density of dry bacterial spores. J. Bacteriol. 86:1030-1036. 1963.-Gas-displacement and gas-adsorption techniques were used to determine the chemical density and physical surface properties of the spores of Bacillus subtilis 15U, B. cereus 720, and B. stearoth...

to isolate and detect anthrax spores from soil in different regions of isfahan, iran a total of 60 environmental specimens were collected during 2003. bacterial endospores were extracted via flotation in distilled water and were cultured on blood agar and selective plet media. bacillus anthracis was identified using bacteriological and biological tests. viable bacillus anthracis spores were iso...

Concludes that conditions during sporulation play significant role in Bacillus anthracis sporulation. Various factors namely temperature, pH and nutrient deprivation were found to bring about changes in sporulation efficiencies of B. anthracis cultures. B. anthracis spores formed under various stress conditions have varied suceptibility towards physical and chemical denaturants used for spore i...