In total, 1095 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from 282 patients with drug-resistant and 813 with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) in Poland during 2007-2011 were analysed. Seventy-one (6.5%) patients were found to have strains of Beijing genotype as defined by spoligotyping. The majority of patients were Polish-born; among foreign-born a large proportion came from Chechnya and Vie...

Despite extensive historiography, the events of Caucasian War 1817–1864 continue to attract attention modern researchers and even those politicians who think that a forceful solution problem is always faster better than compromise. The topic “Chechnya in War” has also been enough studied, but study documents almost reveals details shed light on well-known events. One these struggle Separate Cor...

This article examines the system and methods of transformation agriculture in Chechnya during 1920s – 1930s, peculiarities main reforms collectivization dekulakization, as well confrontation between government society course such transformation. The author analyzes changes social sphere, namely status kulaks; how compromise improved productivity agricultural sector. relevance this top...

The current situation in Russia, the United States, the Middle East and many other countries, clearly highlights the problem of the war against terrorism. Today’s terrorism is neither desperate nor isolated. In Russia it is amply financed, well led and efficiently organized into battalions, companies, platoons and squads. The terrorist organization here in Russia includes all the essential mili...

Most scholars working on Russia’s use of strategic narratives recognize the importance Russian state. Nevertheless, authors argue that much attention has given insufficient appreciation for how Russia developed its military and media policies in a coordinated manner: learning from mistakes failures as it went along, becoming more efficient each time. In making their case, they examine three the...