Nutrient cycling in Lake Tanganyika is influenced by the tilting of the thermocline (Coulter 1991). Prevailing southeast winds during the four month dry season (May through September) cause the thermocline to rise in the south bringing nutrient rich waters from depth to the surface at the southern end of the lake (Coulter 1991). However, related upwelling events also occur in the north, bringin...

The use of top predators as bio-platforms is a modern approach to understanding how physical changes in the environment may influence their foraging success. This study examined if the presence of thermoclines could be a reliable signal of resource availability for a marine top predator, the little penguin (Eudyptula minor). We studied weekly foraging activity of 43 breeding individual penguins...

[1] A warming trend has been detected in the world’s oceans in recent decades. The basin-averaged warming, however, shows a complex vertical structure in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Warming in the upper ocean-with maxima near the surfaceaccompanies a strong cooling in the upper thermocline. Analysis of observed data and model solutions from this study reveals that the complex structure is co...

The North Paci c thermocline (250m to 400m) is studied using XBT observations acquired during the 1970s and 1980s. Interannual variations (3-5 year time scales) in thermocline temperature, with O(0.1 C) amplitude at 400m, are found to exhibit westward propagation throughout the extra-tropical North Paci c up to 45N. Southwards of 30N, the features propagate intact across the basin from the east...

The Indian Ocean has sustained robust surface warming in recent decades, but the role of multidecadal variability remains unclear. Using ocean model hindcasts, characteristics of low-frequency Indian Ocean temperature variations are explored. Simulated upper-ocean temperature changes across the IndianOcean in the hindcast are consistent with those recorded in observational products and ocean re...

The output from a coupled general circulationmodel (CGCM) is used to develop evidence showing that the tropical Pacific decadal oscillation can be driven by an interaction between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the slowly varyingmean background climate state. The analysis verifies that the decadal changes in themean states are attributed largely to decadal changes in ENSO statistic...

large amounts of degradable wastes including sewage water and agricultural waste or nutrients that stimulate growth of organic matter are discharged into the caspian sea. as a result, average dissolved oxygen concentration in deeper layers is decreasing. this paper presents distribution and seasonal variations of the concentration of dissolved oxygen over the southern shelf of the caspian sea a...

The induction of psychological stress in rats is accompanied by an elevation of core temperature. Our experiments were carried out to determine whether the latency, duration, magnitude, or effector mechanisms of the core temperature response to psychological stress would be altered when rats were allowed to use behavioral as well as autonomic thermoregulation. Core temperature, oxygen consumpti...