This paper develops a real-time structural model of price formation, and uses it to investigate the dynamics of effective quotes and bid-ask spreads between consecutive trades. There is some evidence that the effective bid-ask spreads increase over time when no orders arrive. The effective quotes are found to change over time when no orders arrive. The dynamics of bid and ask are different, and...

In the domain of the so called Econophysics some attempts already have been made for applying the theory of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics to economics and financial markets. In this paper a similar approach is made from a different perspective, trying to model the limit order book and price formation process of a given stock by the Grand-Canonical Gibbs Ensemble for the bid and ask p...

Continuous UV-irradiation as well as flash-photolysis of derivatives of 2,6-diphenyl-s-hydrindacene-l,3,5,7-tetrone (bisindandione — BID), substituted in the p and p ' positions of the phenyl rings, was found to result in the formation of stable photoproducts, of which the absorption, emission and excitation maxima coincide with those of the corresponding diarylidene-benzodifurandiones (bis-ben...

bipolar i disorder (bid) and its treatments have shown to be associated with deep impacts on patients' subjective feelings and quality of life (qol). there are also some comments about impact of these feelings on course and outcome of patients with bid. this study was aimed to evaluate quality of life in patients with bid and to assess its relationship with course of disorder. fifty patients wi...

INTRODUCTION BIBF 1120 (planned brand name Vargatef) is a novel, oral, triple angiokinase inhibitor targeting three receptor classes involved in blood vessel formation. The objectives of this phase I, open-label dose-escalation study were to determine the safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BIBF 1120 with pemetrexed in patients with recurrent advanced-stage non-small cell ...

Human epithelial (A549) cells exposed to hyperoxia die by cellular necrosis. In the current study, we demonstrated the involvement of apoptogenic factors in epithelial cell necrosis in response to hyperoxia, including the formation of the Fas-related death-inducing signaling complex and initiation of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways. We showed increased activation of both Bid and Bax i...