Seven cardenolides isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems of Calotropis gigantea were evaluated in vitro against human cancer cells and the structure-activity relationships were discussed. The results demonstrated that a compound, named CGN (coroglaucigenin), had better anti-proliferative activity with the IC50 value less than 6 μM among these compounds. Further, we found that CGN displ...

The apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) induced by low-potassium in serum free medium in vitro has become a widely used model for neuronal apoptosis during in vivo brain development. In this review we shall summarize first the basic features of this model for neuronal apoptosis. Next, we shall focus on the L-type calcium channels (LTCC) inactivation as the primary pro-apoptotic signal...

Cerebellar granule cells (CGNs) are one of many neurons that express phasic and tonic GABAergic conductances. Although it is well established that Golgi cells (GoCs) mediate phasic GABAergic currents in CGNs, their role in mediating tonic currents in CGNs (CGN-I(tonic)) is controversial. Earlier studies suggested that GoCs mediate a component of CGN-I(tonic) that is present only in preparations...

Cgnz1 and Agnz1 on the distal region of mouse chromosome 1 are associated with chronic glomerulonephritis (cGN) and acute GN (aGN). NZM2328.Lc1R27 (R27) was generated by introgressing a C57L/J region where Cgnz1 is located to NZM2328. R27 female mice developed aGN mediated by immune complex (IC) deposition and complement activation without progression to cGN with severe proteinuria. End stage r...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) involves cellular migration and proliferation in the urinary space, frequently followed by fibrous organization. Extracellular matrix proteoglycans (PGs) may regulate these events via effects on cellular migration, interactions with growth factors, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and control of collagen fib...

Global IPv6 deployment was slower than originally expected. As IPv4 address exhaustion approaches, IPv4 to IPv6 transition issues become more critical and less tractable. Host-based transition mechanisms used in dual-stack environments cannot meet all transition requirements. Most end users are not sufficiently expert to configure or maintain host-based transition mechanisms. CarrierGrade NAT (...

Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), which frequently results in acute and chronic kidney disease, is characterized by and dependent on glomerular infiltration by macrophages. The mannose receptor (MR) is a pattern recognition receptor implicated in the uptake of endogenous and microbial ligands by macrophages, mesangial cells (MCs), and selected endothelial cells. It is upregulated on alternat...

Large speech corpora (LSC) constitute an indispensable resource for conducting research in speech processing and for developing real-life speech applications. In 2004 the Spoken Dutch Corpus (CGN) became available, a corpus of standard Dutch as spoken by adult natives in the Netherlands and Flanders. Owing to budget constraints, CGN does not include speech of children, non-natives, elderly peop...

SI-1: Consistency in CGN score calculation ...................................................................................1 Correlation between CGN score for human genes using different approaches ................................ 1 Figure SF1: Correlation between CGN2Mb v/s CGN1MB and CGN3MB. ...................................................................... 1 Figure SF2: Correlation be...

Abstract Background and Aims Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis/crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN/cGN) may compromise renal function in the short or medium term thus evolving into acute kidney injury (AKI) chronic disease. Innate adaptive immune responses are placed at epicentre of cGN. However, molecular pathways involved activation these by far less known. Sting is an innate DNA-sensing...