32 Objective: To describe trends in mortality rates, in New York State, due to cervical, endometrial 33 and ovarian cancer and to assess how these rates varied with proximity to a comprehensive 34 cancer treatment center or population density (rural/urban). 35 Methods: Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s 36 Compressed Mortality Files, Census Bureau rec...

BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma is a highly prevalent gynecologic malignancy. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system underwent significant revision on 2009. Key changes in the FIGO staging system include simplification of stage I endometrial cancer and removal of cervical mucosal invasion as a separate stage. MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic method for p...

Objectives: Lymph node dissection (LND) in gynecological malignancies has always been a cornerstone the diagnosis of metastasis, it is also considered an important prognostic factor, and reliable guide to management strategies. However, its incidence complications, namely lymphedema, vascular injuries other lesions, led reconsideration efficacy comparison role systematic vs. sentinel lymph (SLN...

Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2007 are as follows. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were shown to be effective in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In treating cervical cancer, the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was suggested to be less toxic than the conventional radiotherapy was. Minimally invasive surgery, especially robot surgery is...

BACKGROUND The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is defined as the first chain node in the lymphatic basin that receives primary lymphatic flow. If the SLN is negative for metastatic disease, then other nodes are expected to be disease-free. SLN techniques have been extensively applied in the staging and treatment of many tumors, including melanoma, breast and vulvar cancers. This study aims to evaluat...

Introduction Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is the most common symptom of the endometrium. Cervical cancer must also not be forgotten, especially in women with a thin endometrium. Therefore, all women presenting with PMB should undergo evaluation with transvaginal ultrasound to estimate the risk of endometrial cancer, and speculum examination/cervical cytology to rule out cervical pathology. Man...

Background: Gynecological carcinomas form a significant proportion of all malignancies in women across the globe. These are associated with an increase in the serum concentrations of certain tumor markers such as cancer antigen (CA)125, CA19.9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that correlate with the tumor burden. Methods: Preand post-treatment serum levels of CA125, CA19.9 and CEA were determ...

New techniques for high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have emerged, including reduced field-of-view DWI (rFOV-DWI) and multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE-DWI). These advanced technologies address the limitations of conventional by reducing distortion providing higher spatial resolution. Particularly, is now a crucial tool in gynecology diagnosing endometrial cervical cancer. T...

In this article we review the ever increasing role of imaging in endometrial and cervical cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the most widely used technique in the management of women with gynaecological cancer. In endometrial cancer, MRI is reliable in identifying myometrial and cervical invasion and extra-uterine disease, thereby informing preoperative surgical planning. I...