Localised neuronal heterotopias are an increasingly recognised cause of intractable focal epilepsies. The aetiology of these circumscribed disorders of neuronal migration is often unknown although in some instances proximity to areas of prenatal infarction suggests that severe ischaemia was responsible. A patient is described with intractable complex partial seizures associated with heterotopic...

Posterior communicating artery (PCoA) hypoplasia is a fetal variant of the Circle of Willis. According to angiograms and autopsy reports, this congenital variation is found in 6-21% of the general population. PCoA hypoplasia only becomes a risk factor for ischemic stroke in the presence of ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. The aim of our study was to determine the role of PCo...

BACKGROUND Lissencephaly is a rare developmental brain disorder in veterinary and human medicine associated with defects in neuronal migration leading to a characteristic marked reduction or absence of the convolutional pattern of the cerebral hemispheres. In many human cases the disease has a genetic basis. In sheep, brain malformations, mainly cerebellar hypoplasia and forms of hydrocephalus,...

reduced cerebral blood flow, increased atherosclerosis, and aneurysm formation. This study aimed to describe the profile of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH), anterior CAH (ACAH), posterior (PCAH) in symptomatic subjects. Methods: was a retrospective cross-sectional using medical record secondary private hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, January-December 2022. The inclusion criteria were age ≥18 yea...

Anterior cerebral artery is the smaller terminal branch of the internal carotid artery. It is one of the arteries involved in the formation of the arterial circle of Willis at the base of the brain. Its hypoplasia or absence can cause serious problems during neurosurgery or in the vascular dynamics of the brain. We found a rare variation of the right anterior cerebral artery during the dissecti...

Cerebral aneurysms are occasionally associated with anomalies of cerebral arteries, that should be recognized pre- and intra-operatively. Most of the previous reports on the anomalies of the anterior cerebral artery have been concerned with hypoplasia, fenestration, and infra-optic course of the A1, variant A1 perforators or Heubner's artery, multi-channeled anterior communicating artery, and a...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association of cortical organization disorders with facial hemangiomas or vascular malformations has been described in only a few reports. The purpose of this study was to show the close association of these cutaneous anomalies with cortical dysplasias and intracranial vascular abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five patients, all women, with cutaneous vascular ab...

  Cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH), is a rare cause of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and short stature. Other features included hair abnormality, immunodeficiency, anemia, gastrointestinal disorders (Hirschsprung disease, celiac, …) and increased risk of cancer. The disease is an autosomal recessive disorder and previously has not been reported in Iran. We report a 9-year-old boy diagnosed as car...