Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. However, our understanding of the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) is limited. In this study, BODIPY FL DQ s...

Most of the carbon used for starch biosynthesis in cereal endosperms is derived from ADP-glucose (ADP-Glc) synthesized by extra-plastidial AGPase activity, and imported directly across the amyloplast envelope. The properties of the wheat endosperm amyloplast ADP-Glc transporter were analysed with respect to substrate kinetics and specificities using reconstituted amyloplast envelope proteins in...

The role of oxygen and energy state in development and storage activity of cereal grains is an important issue, but has remained largely uninvestigated due to the lack of appropriate analytical methods. Metabolic profiling, bioluminescence-based in situ imaging of ATP, and oxygen-sensitive microsensors were combined here to investigate barley seed development. For the first time temporal and sp...

Buckwheat, which contains high nutritional values of protein, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds and minerals, is a major pseudo-cereal for processing functional foods, especially the Japanese buckwheat noodles (soba noodles). In buckwheat flour, starch is a main component which plays an important role in the functional properties of end-use food products. Buckwheat starch granules were spherica...

For simplicity, “steam flaking” hereafter will be called “flaking.” For this discourse, flaking is considered the process of steaming whole grain at atmospheric pressure, typically for 20 to 40 minutes, and then rolling it to a flake density from 24 to 32 lb/bushel. This causes sufficient disruption of the starch-protein matrix to result in starch digestibility of 80% to 90% in the rumen and 98...

Cereal starch amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) is critical in functional properties for food and industrial applications. Conventional methods of AM/AP are time consuming and labor intensive making it difficult to screen the large sample sets necessary for evaluating breeding samples and investigating environmental impact on starch development. The objective was to adapt and optimize the iodine bind...

Ruminal starch degradation of untreated and formaldehyde-treated wheat and maize was measured in situ (trial 1) and in vitro (trial 2). The in situ starch degradability was higher for wheat than for maize (82.1 vs 52.3%), for untreated cereals than for cereals treated with 1% formaldehyde (77.3 vs 67.0%) and for cereals treated with 1% formaldehyde than those treated with 5% formaldehyde (67.0 ...

The reliable determination of soluble, insoluble and total dietary fibre in baked goods and cereal flours is an important issue for research, nutritional labelling and marketing. We compared total dietary fibre (TDF) contents of selected cereal based foods determined by AOAC Method 991.43 and the new AOAC Method 2009.01. Fifteen bread and bakery products were included in the study. Our results ...

Buckwheat, a pseudo cereal, is an alternative crop belonging to the family Polygonaceae. Buckwheat is generally grouped with cereals due to similarity in cultivation and utilization though it is not cereal grain. Two types of buckwheat are used around the world: common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) depending on the production zone. Generally...