Autumn migration of adult Eurasian hobbies Falco subbuteo from Europe to southern Africa was recorded by satellite telemetry and observed routes were compared with randomly simulated routes. Two non-random features of observed routes were revealed: (i) shifts to more westerly longitudes than straight paths to destinations and (ii) strong route convergence towards a restricted area close to the ...

Establishing a robust causal relationship between trade and income has been difficult. Frankel and Romer (1999) use geographic instruments to identify a positive effect of trade on income. Rodriguez and Rodrik (2000) show that these results are not robust to controlling for missing variables such as distance to the equator or institutions. This paper solves the missing variable problem by gener...

Pontianak city has tropical climate and crossed by the equator. This phenomenon an impact on level of thermal comfort in a room, especially North District which is close to 0˚ latitude. library Public Elementary School (SDN) 27 one examples. located equator with coordinates 0˚00˚07N 109˚20'02E high temperature humidity levels. condition bad comfort. can affect health indoor activities. Therefor...

River bed sand and gravel are utilized more than mountain materials due to their availability and closeness to the transit roads and sites of usage. Excessive and non-technical extraction of gravel and sand bring a kind of interference in them, leading to many negative consequences. Therefore, presenting solutions to reduce these impacts and infilling mining pits are essential. In this researc...

The nonlinear shallow-water equations are used to study the tropical stationary wave response to steady thermal forcing near the equator in earthlike zonally symmetric basic states. A thin (200 m) fluid layer is superimposed over a large (1500 m) zonally symmetric topography distribution that decreases smoothly from the Tropics to the Poles, thus providing the large meridional height gradients ...

A simple multilayer-zonally symmetric model, using a multicloud convective parameterization and coupled to a dynamical bulk atmospheric boundary layer, is used here to simulate boreal summer intra-seasonal oscillations (BSISO) in the summer monsoon trough and elucidate the underlying main physical mechanisms responsible for their initiation, propagation, and termination. Northward-moving precip...