background: cystic echinococcosis (ce), also known as echinococcosis/hydatidosis, is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. it enhances both humoral and cellular (th1 and th2) responses in infected host. different antigens of the worm may favor the th1 or th2 immune responses in ce patients. objective: to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune responses of balb/c mice agai...

background: cell mediated immunity, especially cytotoxic t cell responses against hiv-1 infection, plays a critical role in controlling viral replication and disease progres-sion. dna vaccine is a novel technology which is known to stimulate strong cellular immune responses. many dna vaccines have been tested for hiv infection but there is still no effective vaccine against this infection. cons...

propoxure (ppx) is a well-known carbamate insecticide, which has been used for several decades in the world and iran in agriculture and public health programs. however, there is no clear investigation toward its immunotoxicity as yet. in this study, we examined the effects of subchronic i.p. exposure of ppx on humoral (pfc & ha) and cellular (dth) responses, and also monitored t-cell subtypes u...

Background: Cell mediated immunity, especially cytotoxic T cell responses against HIV-1 infection, plays a critical role in controlling viral replication and disease progres-sion. DNA vaccine is a novel technology which is known to stimulate strong cellular immune responses. Many DNA vaccines have been tested for HIV infection but there is still no effective vaccine against this infection. Cons...

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as echinococcosis/hydatidosis, is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. It enhances both humoral and cellular (Th1 and Th2) responses in infected host. Different antigens of the worm may favor the Th1 or Th2 immune responses in CE patients. Objective: To evaluate the humoral and cellular immune responses of Balb/c mice agai...

objective: the global hiv epidemic continues to expand and exceeding previous predictions. an effective vaccine represents the best hope to curtail the hiv epidemic. dna vaccines induce humoral and cellular responses and mimic live vaccines without their pathogenic potential. the importance of cd8+ ctl responses in controlling hiv and siv viremia has led to production of a series of vaccine can...

human cytomegalovirus is one of the most common pathogenic viruses all over the world. in congenital infection leads to neurologic severe disorders and even death of fetus and in individuals with immunosuppression may also cause severe clinical symptoms. multiple evidence indicate that among several strategies, epitope-based vaccine (evs) that can induce both humoral and cellular immunity respo...

memory formation is the most important aspect of a vaccine which can guarantee long-lasting immunity and protection. the main aim of the present study was to evaluate the memory immune responses after immunization with a mini vaccine. mice were immunized with human immunodeficiency virus-1 p24-nef fusion peptide and then cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. in order to determin...

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase related kinases (PIKKs) mediate responses to diverse stresses, including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), abnormal replication fork progression, the recognition of premature termination codons in mRNAs, and inadequate nutrient availability. Rigorous control of these kinases limits cellular damage and promotes cell viability in the presence of stress. Control mechan...