Ultrasonication is the most widely used technique for the dispersion of a range of nanomaterials, but the intrinsic mechanism which leads to stable solutions is poorly understood with procedures quoted in the literature typically specifying only extrinsic parameters such as nominal electrical input power and exposure time. Here we present new insights into the dispersion mechanism of a represen...

The use of cavitation for improving biofilm cleaning is great interest. There no system at present that removes the from medical implants effectively and specifically dental implants. Cavitation generated by a vibrating ultrasonic scaler tip can clean biomaterials such as However, process must be significantly accelerated clinical applications. In this study we investigated whether could increa...

The use of focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles has been proven to induce transient blood-brain barrier opening (BBB-opening). However, FUS-induced inertial cavitation of microbubbles can also result in erythrocyte extravasations. Here we investigated whether induction of submicron bubbles to oscillate at their resonant frequency would reduce inertial cavitation during BBB-opening and the...

Flow visualization by the schlieren technique in the neighbourhood of a fully developed cavity on two axisymmetric headforms has shown the existence of laminar boundary-layer separation upstream of cavitation separation, and the distance between the two separations to be strongly dependent on Reynolds number. Based on present results, a semi-empirical method is developed to predict the position...

The paper deals with the flow of oil through an experimental hydraulic circuit a convergent divergent nozzle circular cross-section. Under different physical conditions, i.e. changes in pressure, and temperature, formation development cavitation is monitored. As it highly dynamic transparent nozzle, monitored using high-speed camera frequency dissolution bubble movement cloud then determined. a...

In the therapeutic ultrasound field, the cavitation frequently forms a bubble cloud that consists of many microbubbles. A method to control the violent collapse of cloud cavitation is being developed. It is comprised of two frequency ultrasound. The first is a higher frequency ultrasound waveform that makes cloud cavitation at the surface of the object. The second is a lower frequency waveform ...

One of the causes of the breakdown of the mechanical heart valves (MHVs) is cavitation. A reliable in vitro test method to evaluate the cavitation potential has to be developed for the patients’ safety. It is the bubble implosion that damages the materials, thus observing the cavity implosion behavior is essential. According to sonoluminescence, the collapsing cavitation bubbles emit the faint ...

We demonstrate the importance of measuring the mechanical properties of biological tissue in vivo by quantifying the mechanical properties of bovine vitreous both in its native state and upon removal from the eye. The mechanical properties are determined by the cavitation rheology technique developed in our labs to determine the linear modulus. This technique involves inducing a cavitation even...

A theoretical analysis of three–dimensional cavitating flows based on a boundary element approach which includes rotational and viscous flow effects is presented. Partial sheet cavitation is studied by a closed–cavity nonlinear model which includes the prediction of the cavity detachment point. The trailing vorticity path is described by a wake– alignment technique. Viscosity effects are includ...