This article presents results of a study bryophytes in seven caves the Kutuk tract National Park «Bashkiria» Republic Bashkortostan, including largest cave Bashkiria – Kutuk-Sumgan.Fifty-five species were found studied caves. The dominant all was Timmia bavarica. composition each is unique. Among identified 23, only one cave, and 11 2 During our survey, we 31 Kutuk-Sumgan Cave, 21 Kutuk-2 Kutuk...

We investigated genetic differentiation and migration patterns in a small livebearing fish, Poecilia mexicana, inhabiting a sulfidic Mexican limestone cave (Cueva del Azufre). We examined fish from three different cave chambers, the sulfidic surface creek draining the cave (El Azufre) and a nearby surface creek without the toxic hydrogen sulphide (Arroyo Cristal). Using microsatellite analysis ...

Located within the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Central Vietnam, Son Doong Cave is world’s largest cave and has become one of most famous sites for caving tourists scientists worldwide. It contains highly diverse landscapes ecosystems with special value in many natural aspects including biodiversity. Bat species are usually regarded as key fascinating dwellers ecosystems. We recently conduc...

Altamira Cave, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, houses one of the world's most prominent Palaeolithic rock art. The conservation of the rock art is threatened by microorganisms (bacteria and recently fungi). Previous studies revealed that the entry and dispersion of microorganisms and nutrients to the interior of the cave depends on the exchange rates between the cave atmosphere and the exterior t...

Bacteria and archaea sustain subsurface cave ecosystems by dominating primary production and fueling biogeochemical cyclings, despite the permanent darkness and shortage of nutrients. However, the heterogeneity and underlying mechanism of microbial diversity in caves, in particular those well connect to surface environment are largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the bacterial abundan...

in contemporary arabic literature recalling of quranic characters as the using of characters, events or historical periods in literary works are considered as the latest levels of connection between contemporary literature and his heritage. holy quran is one of the sources which its characters and stories have been used a lot in literature and this has resulted in the enrichment of literature. ...

Through an initiative of the Austrian Alpine Club (ÖAV) Cave Exploration Group in Schladming (Styria, Austria) the Institute for Cartography of the Dresden University of Technology surveyed the Dachstein Southface Cave, generally known as “The Dachstein Hole". In cooperation with the Visualization Group of the Computer Center of this university a digital visualization of this cave has been prod...