The interaction of BRICS stock markets with the United States is studied using an asymmetric Granger causality test based on the frequency domain. This type of analysis allows for both positive and negative shocks over different horizons. There is a clear bivariate causality that runs both ways between the United States stock market and the respective BRICS markets. In addition, both negative a...

This study aims to evaluate the link between economic growth and consumer price index (CPI) in Japan for the period of 1980-2014. Initial series were adjusted for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test for unit root followed by the application of Johansen Co-integration Test in order to examine the long-run relationship among the variables, while the causalities were evaluat...

Introduction: The causal dynamics between environment, health expenditures and economic growth has recently started to be studied in the economics literature for both developing and developed countries. Methods: This study examines the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, health expenditures and economic growth using dynamic simultaneous-equations models for Iran over the period 1972-2...

the relationship between economic growth and developments in the ‎financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics ‎for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial ‎development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a ‎settled issue.‎this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality ‎between financial development and e...

population in all countries plays a fundamental role in economic growth and economic development. but besides absolute size and growth rate of population, the more important factor will be “age structure” or “age distribution” of population, because it can be as source of many economical, social, and political challenges. in this research, we investigate effect of changes in population shares i...

the economy's dependence on oil revenues and derivatives of these products make the country's economy heavily influenced by the volatility and instability of the pricing of these products. therefore, it seems necessary to develop non-oil exports. this paper examines the causality relation and the effect of foreign direct investment, economic openness and real exchange rate on non-oil ...