Exracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) may require immersion of the patient in water and extradural blockade for analgesia, which may both affect pulmonary and cardiovascular function and increase the likelihood of hypoxaemia. Twenty-four patients (ASA I-III) with extradural blockade and six healthy subjects were studied by pulse oximetry during immersion. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) tended t...

conclusions the addition of s (+)-ketamine or clonidine to levobupivacaine 0.25% in caudal analgesia for hypospadias repair appears to be of no benefit. however, use of the additives in combination increased postoperative sedation. results the 87 patients included had a mean ± sd age of 21.4 ± 13.5 months and weight of 11.9 ± 2.4 kg. the median doses of levobupivacaine, s (+)-ketamine, and clon...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of caudal epidural administration of lidocaine (LIDO), caudal laser radiation and epidural lidocaine plus laser radiation in horses. Study design: A blinded, randomized, prospective, experimental cross-over study. Animals: Five healthy horses, 15.7 +/- 4.9 years of age, weighing 240 +/- 37 kg. Methods: The...

Twenty-one patients for vagotomy with gastroenterostomy or pyloroplasty were allocated randomly to postoperative analgesia with either morphine by injection or continuous extradural nerve block. In terms of clinical assessment and A-a Po3 difference measured before and after operation, extradural nerve block was found to reduce the degree of postoperative lung dysfunction. It is concluded that ...

We studied obstetric outcome in 350 consecutive nulliparous women in spontaneous labour and term pregnancy. Women who presented with rupture of membranes before the onset of contractions were more likely to deliver by forceps compared with those in whom contractions preceded rupture of membranes. This increased likelihood of instrumental delivery was significant with and without the use of extr...

An increase in the concentration of bupivacaine from 0.5% to 0.75% and etidocaine from 1.0% to 1.5% for extradural block resulted in a more rapid onset of sensory analgesia and motor blockade, a greater frequency of adequate analgesia,a greater depth of motor block and a longer duration of sensory analgesia and motor blockade. An increase in the concentration of prilocaine from 2% to 3% failed ...

Thirty-five patients kept in a sitting position for 5 min after a standard extradural injection in labour were compared with 54 patients maintained in the left lateral position throughout. The mean upper limit of analgesia was unchanged. A significant shift of the mean lower limit occurred in the sitting patients (P = 0.05, two-tailed), but contrary to classical teaching this was in a cephalad ...

We have compared the efficacy and side effects of extradural morphine with extradural fentanyl for postoperative pain relief. Thirty children (ages 1-16 yr) were allocated randomly to receive, after extradural administration of 0.5% bupivacaine 0.75 ml kg-1 and before surgical incision, extradural morphine 0.75 microgram kg-1 (group M), with an additional dose administered 24 h later or extradu...