most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

this study investigates the cohesive devices used in the textbook of english for the students of psychology. the research questions and hypotheses in the present study are based on what frequency and distribution of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are. then, to answer the questions all grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading comprehension passages from 6 units of 21units th...

educational researchers have provided evidence that teachers’ emotional intelligence has strong effects on various aspects of teaching and learning. yet, in the field of teaching english to speakers of other languages (tesol), inquiry into teachers’ emotional intelligence is nearly limited. given its documented powerful impact on teaching practices and student learning, it is critical to pursue...

with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...

the present study aimed to investigate representation of discourse markers and metadiscourse markers in conversations and readings of general elt coursebook series used in the language centers of iran. to this aim, four elt coursebooks popularly taught in language centers of this country were analyzed based on fung and carter’s (2007) framework regarding discourse markers and hyland’s (2005) fr...

The land of Iran is a seismic active prone that is located in the mountainous and instable crust due to special geological position. Continuous tectonic stress from the Arabic and Indian plates has exposed seismic active faults. The huge and destructive earthquakes that occur every few years in this area reflect the tectonic conditions of the plateau of Iran. Since, the path of faults and fract...

The field of natural hazards research has a rich history in geography, appropriately so because it involves conflicts between physical processes and human systems. Natural events occur without direct human effect and endanger his social life. Events that enforce average annual up to 150000 human damages and more than 140 milliard dollars financial damages on counties and especially developing c...

Introduction & Objective: Pregnancy is the time of change, hope, expectation and worry for women and their families This period is a physiologic and natural process, if associated with risk factors could result to morbidity and mortality for mother and her fetus. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of high risk pregnancy and its related factors.  Materials & ...

The land of Iran is a seismic active prone that is located in the mountainous and instable crust due to special geological position. Continuous tectonic stress from the Arabic and Indian plates has exposed seismic active faults. The huge and destructive earthquakes that occur every few years in this area reflect the tectonic conditions of the plateau of Iran. Since, the path of faults and fract...