OBJECTIVE Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethn...

The aim of this study is to assess the association linking employment experience with alcohol, tobacco, and betel nut involvement among youth in Taiwan. In 2004, an outreach program was conducted during weekdays to recruit youth sample in seven major geographic regions. A total of 5886 youth aged 12-18 years drawn from 26 cities or towns were assessed by a two-page anonymous self-administered q...

The chewing of betel nut is prevalent throughout the Asia-Pacific region, especially in the Pacific subregion. Consumed for its stimulant properties, there is concern over this habit’s association with negative health consequences. The present study examines the case of Honiara in Solomon Islands where the prevalence of betel nut consumption has increased in recent years, especially among schoo...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme can cause inflammation. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is also involved in the inflammatory response through regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Areca catechu is one of the known fruit plants of the Palmaceae family. It has been used for a long time as a source of herbal medicine i...

Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of five Medicinal plant extracts against two strains of Streptococcus mutans causing dental caries using Agar well diffusion method. Materials and methods: Five plant extracts were prepared by soxhlet extraction method using organic solvent. These extracts were tested against Streptococcus mutans MTCC 497& MTCC 890 causing dental caries by Agar well di...

Topical therapy is highly desirable in treating nail disorders due to its localized effects, which results minimal adverse systemic events and possibly improved adherence. However, the effectiveness of topical therapies limited by drug permeability through plate. Infections foot hand nails fungi are a very common condition millions people. They account for about half all estimated occur over 10...