Activated macrophages require l-arginine uptake to sustain NO synthesis. Several transport systems could mediate this l-arginine influx. Using competition analysis and gene-expression studies, amino acid transport system y+ was identified as the major carrier responsible for this activity. To identify which of the four known y+ transport-system genes is involved in macrophage-induced l-arginine...

Eukaryotic organisms evolved under aerobic conditions subjecting nuclear DNA to damage provoked by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although ROS are thought to be a major cause of DNA damage, little is known about the molecular mechanisms protecting nuclear DNA from oxidative stress. Here we show that protection of nuclear DNA in plants requires a coordinated function of ROS-scavenging pathways r...

Sharing knowledge across projects is often considered impossible, especially if the systems involved present differences in underlying theory, representation, or even programming language. This paper, taking a collaboration between the CAT2 and PANGLOSS MT projects as an example, demonstrates that it is possible to combine resources developed separately to support the processing of different mo...

GENOPLANTE programme " Redoxome ". Financial support of postgraduate students from the following sources is gratefully acknowledged: the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education Abstract Glutathione is a major cellular thiol that is maintained in the reduced state by glutathione reductases (GR), which is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (GR1 and GR2). This study addressed the role of G...

L-arginine transport is crucial for macrophage activation because it supplies substrate for the key enzymes nitric oxide synthase 2 and arginase I. These enzymes participate in classic and alternative activation of macrophages, respectively. Classic activation of macrophages is induced by type I cytokines, and alternative activation is induced by type II cytokines. The granulocyte macrophage co...

Genetic and biochemical analyses suggest that the developmental program of catalase (H(2)O(2):H(2)O(2) oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) activity in maize scutella is controlled by a temporal regulatory gene (Car1) that is distinct from the structural genes thus far identified. Recombination data show that Car1 is located about 37 map units from the Cat2 structural gene on the chromosome 1S. Turnove...

Serotonin and melatonin, which are indolamines present in every biological kingdom, show strong bioregulator activity plant tissues under various stress conditions. Although numerous studies have reported the mitigating effects of effect serotonin on physiology has rarely been studied current literature. In this study, exogenous application tomato seedlings severe salt drought stresses were inv...

Restoration of the colonic epithelial barrier is an important response during colitis. L-arginine (L-Arg) is a semiessential amino acid that reduces murine colitis induced by Citrobacter rodentium. Cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) proteins increase L-Arg uptake into cells. L-Arg is utilized to produce nitric oxide (NO), by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), or L-ornithine (L-Orn) by arginase (A...

The objective of this study was to investigate intestinal nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA in broilers selected on corn- and soybean-based (line A) or wheat-based (line B) diets. We investigated the peptide transporter PepT1, 10 amino acid transporters (rBAT, b(o,+)AT, ATB(o,+), CAT1, CAT2, LAT1, y(+)LAT1, y(+)LAT2, B(o)AT, and EAAT3), 4 sugar transporters (SGLT1, SGLT5, GLUT5, and GLUT2), ...