Current guidelines for certain cancer therapies mainly provide recommendations for therapy options treating the primary tumors. However, first-choice treatments for advanced or metastasizing tumors are described only rarely if at all. In such cases, one or more individual treatment options are chosen by the physician depending on the medical need of the patient and considering the acceptance of...

In English literature, PAM has been reported from 51 countries where 40.6% are from Asia [2]. The mean age at presentation is 35 years [3]. There are two varieties described, familial and sporadic [4]. Autosomal recessive familial form has female preponderance. 50% of patients may be asymptomatic despite fluorid interstitial shadows on chest radiograph, or present with dyspnoea, prolonged cough...

A 28-year-old woman was referred to an epilepsy and neuropsychiatry service following a disastrous attempt at treating her infertility by a local gynaecological unit. At the age of 14 she had developed complex partial seizures. A single electroencephalograph (EEG) had shown epileptic activity focal to the right temporal lobe and she was placed on sodium valproate by a paediatrician. She continu...

(1971). Distinguishing between the chromosomes involved in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) and chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph') by fluorescence. Nature, 230, 167-168. usual finding in true hermaphroditism with the exception of a limited few who demonstrate a 46,XY chromosomal complement or a variant due to mosaicism. The diagnosis of true hermaphroditism requires the demonstration of both ovarian an...

Copyright © 2009 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Surgical clipping of paraclinoid region aneurysms can be challenging and often requires temporary interruption of local blood flow to decompress the aneurysm and to facilitate clip placement. This has traditionally been accomplished by trapping of the aneu rysm and suction decompression. Endo vascular balloon inflation across the aneurys...

Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism occurring predominately in male infants has been reported in association with a spectrum of urologic diseases including obstructive uropathy. This is thought to reflect tubule unresponsiveness to aldosterone. We report a case, which was misdiagnosed as a case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and treated inappropriately with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone for 12-mon...

Rare cases of esophageal tuberculosis have been reported. In this report, 3 cases of tuberculosis-resulted ulcer in the esophageal mucosa are to be introduced among 29 cases of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. The first patient was presented with chills and fever and had a mild dysphagia and odynnophagia and a burning sensation behind the sternum. The second case admitted with neck fistula and e...