In contour integration, increased difficulty in detection and shape discrimination of a chain of parallel elements (a ladder contour) compared to collinear elements (a snake contour) suggests more extensive processing of ladders than of snakes. In addition, conceptual similarities between ladders and textures - which also involve grouping of parallel elements - raises the question whether ladde...

In the title compound, C(21)H(14)O(8), the central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 77.8 (6) and 75.9 (5)° with the outer benzene rings. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving carboxyl groups, forming one-dimensional ladders. Two-dimensional layers are formed by inter-penetration of these one-dimensional ladders.

Two polymeric ladders were synthesized by topochemical polymerization. The critical assemblies with multiple reactive centers were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Approximately 64% and 70% of the mass of the two polymeric ladders can be derived from biomass, respectively.

We present embeddings of generalized ladders as subgraphs into the hypercube. By embedding caterpillars into ladders, we obtain embeddings of caterpillars into the hypercube. In this way we obtain almost all known results concerning the em-beddings of caterpillars into the hypercube. In addition we construct embeddings for some new types of caterpillars.

We report an electron spin resonance (ESR) study of single crystals of the spin-chain spin-ladder compound (Sr, La, Ca) 14 Cu 24 O 41. The data suggest that in intrin-sically hole doped Sr 14−x Ca x Cu 24 O 41 only a small amount of holes is transferred from the chains to the ladders with increasing x, resulting in a crossover from spin dimerized to uniform spin chains. In the samples of La 14−...

Scrambling experiments suggest that the self-assembly of 2D ladders via imine metathesis is kinetically trapped at four or more rungs. Consequently, ladders containing five or more rungs cannot be synthesized in high yield under the conditions used, as misaligned out-of-register byproducts cannot self-correct.

Given the significant industrial growth of demand for virtual reality (VR), 360◦ video streaming is one of the most important VR applications that require cost-optimal solutions to achieve widespread proliferation of VR technology. Because of its inherent variability of data-intensive content types and its tiled-based encoding and streaming, 360◦ video requires new encoding ladders in adaptive ...

The glass escalator is a metaphor used to describe how men in feminized workplaces move up career ladders, and this study aims determine the experiences of male pre-school principals possible effects cultural values on results through ranks because gender norms job expectations. In context, meetings are held with four school principals, working Kocaeli education institutions. As an interpretive...