C ardiolipin (also known as diphosphatidylglycerol) is a four-chained anionic membrane phospholipid composed of two phosphatidyl moieties joined by a glycerol link (Fig. 1). It was first isolated from beef heart as a serologically active phospholipid (1), hence the name cardiolipin. In animals, plants, and lower eukaryotic organisms (e.g., yeast), cardiolipin is a component of the inner mitocho...

The glycerophospholipid cardiolipin is a unique constituent of bacterial and mitochondrial membranes. It is involved in forming and stabilizing high molecular mass membrane protein complexes and in maintaining membrane architecture. Absence of cardiolipin leads to reduced efficiency of the electron transport chain, decreased membrane potential, and, ultimately, impaired respiratory metabolism. ...

Cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid that resides at the poles of the inner and outer membranes, is synthesized primarily by the putative cardiolipin synthase ClsA in Shigella flexneri An S. flexneri clsA mutant had no cardiolipin detected within its membrane, grew normally in vitro, and invaded cultured epithelial cells, but it failed to form plaques in epithelial cell monolayers, indicating t...

Cardiolipin is an important phospholipid present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It plays a key function in mitochondrial respiration by interacting with many enzymes or cofactors related to oxidative phosphorylation complexes. We have determined the concentration of cardiolipin using on-line 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) dye interaction capillary electrophoresis (CE) and spectrophotome...

Cardiolipin is a unique four-tailed, doubly negatively charged lipid found predominantly within the inner mitochondrial membrane, and is thought to be influential in determining membrane potential and permeability. To determine the role of cardiolipin in modulating the properties of membranes, this study investigates the thermodynamics of mixed cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine monolayers and...

BACKGROUND Circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are often detected in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) but little is known about the causes of their formation. AIMS We have evaluated whether ethanol mediated oxidative injury might promote the development of aPL in ALD. PATIENTS AND METHODS IgG against beta(2) glycoprotein 1 (beta(2)-GP1), cardiolipin, and human serum alb...

Cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis were examined in H9c2 cells incubated with short-chain ceramides. Incubation of cells with N-acetylsphingosine or N-hexanoylsphingosine stimulated [1, 3-3H]glycerol incorporation into phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, with N-acetylsphingosine having the greater effect. The mechanism for the ceramide-mediated stimulation of de novo phosphatid...

Anti-phosphatidylglycerol and anti-cardiolipin antisera were prepared in rabbits by using phospholipids purified from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Anti-phosphatidylglycerol antibodies were found in antisera when either phosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin were used as immunogens, but adsorption studies indicated they were not similar. Antibodies which reacted with phosphatidylinositol and phosphat...

Beef-heart cytochrome c oxidase lacking endogenous lipids can be prepared by cholate-mediated exchange with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (Powell, G. L., Knowles, P. F. and Marsh, D. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 816, 191-194). These preparations retained practically no endogenous cardiolipin (less than 0.19 mol cardiolipin per mol of oxidase) but in Tween 80 they retained unaltered electron t...

Acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1) catalyzes acylation of lysocardiolipin back to cardiolipin, an important step in cardiolipin remodeling. The present study reports the catalytic properties of ALCAT1 in vitro and its regulation by thyroid hormone status in mouse liver and heart. Recombinant ALCAT1 expressed in Sf9 cells preferred basic pH conditions and did not require divalen...