Acquired resistance is through the production of AmpC Beta Lactamases (AmpC), Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta-Lactamases Enzymes (MBL). Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is associated with production of ESBL which can hydrolyze oxyimino β-lactams such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and monobactams, however, without any effect on cephamycins, carbapenems and r...

Bypass of classical penicillin-binding proteins by the L,D-transpeptidase of Enterococcus faecium (Ldt(fm)) leads to high-level ampicillin resistance in E. faecium mutants, whereas carbapenems remain the lone highly active β-lactams. Kinetics of Ldt(fm) inactivation was determined for four commercial carbapenems and a derivative obtained by introducing a minimal ethyl group at position 2. We sh...

BACKGROUND: Meropenem is a member of the antibiotic class of carbapenems, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that possess activity against several drug-resistant organisms. Notably, the carbapenems maintain activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. Additionally, the spectrum of activity of the carbapenems, excluding ertapenem, includes Pseudomonas aeruginos...

Pharmacodynamic profiling data of carbapenems for Acinetobacter spp. are sparse. This study aimed to determine the pharmacodynamic targets of carbapenems for Acinetobacter baumannii based on a range of percentages of the dosing interval in which free drug concentrations remained above the MIC (fT>MIC) in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model. fT>MIC values of 23.7%, 32.8%, and 47.5% resu...

During the past decade, there has been an emergence of carbapenems-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that produce carbapenamases, enzymes that efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, as well as most βlactam drugs (Queenan et al., 2007). New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamases-1 (NDM-1) are one such carbapenamase that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of betalactam antibiotics. These include the antibio...

There are 3 main groups of multiple resistant Gram-negative bacteria:  Enterobacteriaceae with ESBL or AmpC enzymes – Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens  Acinetobacter spp. – resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics as well as occasionally carbapenems and Colistin  Pseudomonas spp. – resistant to combinations...

Since about twenty years, following the introduction into therapeutic of news beta-lactam antibiotics (broad-spectrum cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems), a very significant number of new beta-lactamases appeared. These enzymes confer to the bacteria which put them, the means of resisting new molecules. The genetic events involved in this evolution are of two types: evolution of old en...

BACKGROUND Carbapenems are among the few useful antibiotics against multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria particularly those with extended spectrum beta lactamase. However resistance to carbapenems occurs and is mediated by mechanisms like loss of outer membrane proteins and production of beta lactamase that is capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems. An alert issued in the UK in 2009 warned of...

introduction: the inappropriate use of broad- spectrum antimicrobials in intensive care units (icu) is a universal problem. the main goal of this study was to implement antibiotic stewardship program (abs) concentrated on vancomycin and carbapenems, in pediatric icu (picu) of sheikh hospital. as an accessory purpose we looked for the effect of abs on the rate of antibiotic administration, lengt...