This paper intends based on the current state of the art of Intellectual Capital measurement to picture necessary development towards an integrative reporting instrument for Intellectual Capital. Although Intellectual Capital measurement evolved due to the intention and necessity to disclosure intangible assets meeting the information demands of all stakeholders, it has not quite succeeded in t...

This study examines the role of human capital formation in economic growth in Pakistan by using the secondary data for the period of 197273 to 2010-11. The results implied that education enrollment (proxy for human capital), health and physical capital are important to boost the economic growth in Pakistan. Human capital, fixed capital and employed labor force affect the GDP and result in unidi...

Social capital has become a popular subject in the literature on determinants of health. The concept of social capital has been used in the sociological, political science, and economic development literatures, as well as in the health inequalities literature. Analysis of its use in the health inequalities literature suggests that each theoretical tradition has conceptualized social capital dif...

Investigating the relationship between cultural capital and environmental behaviors among youth employed in Asalouyeh (South Pars) is the main purpose of this study. Secondary objective of the study is to discover relationship between social associations, social norms and social trust and environmental social behaviors of the employees of south Pars. The research method in this study was survey...

The paper reports micro-econometric evidence on the factors that influence the ability of the small businesses to create employment. It uses data on self-employment from a British panel survey. In particular it investigates the contributions of financial and entrepreneurial capital to job creation. Housing wealth appears to be significantly associated with small business job creation. It appear...

In the twenty first century, intellectual capital appears as one of the most important strategic assets for the success of knowledge-intensive organizations. The aim of this chapter is to examine the effect of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of banking sector operating in Kuching Malaysia. In this study, Integrated Intellectual Capital Model (IICM) is used to test the rol...

Banks and other financial institutions face the necessity to merge the economic capital for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and other risk types to one overall economic capital number to assess their capital adequacy in relation to their risk profile. Beside just adding the economic capital numbers or assuming multivariate normality, the top-down and the bottom-up approach have been ...

The increasing diversity and heterogeneity of molecular data for phylogeny estimation has led to development of complex models and model-based estimators. Here, we propose a penalized likelihood (PL) framework in which the levels of complexity in the underlying model can be smoothly controlled. We demonstrate the PL framework for a four-taxon tree case and investigate its properties. The PL fra...

This article addresses the impact that colored noise, temporal filtering, and temporal detrending have on the fMRI analysis situation. Specifically, it is shown why the detection of event-related designs benefit more from pre-whitening than blocked designs in a colored noise structure. Both theoretical and empirical results are provided. Furthermore, a novel exploratory method for producing dri...

Biofouling is generally undesirable for many applications. An overview of the medical, marine and industrial fields susceptible to fouling is presented. Two types of fouling include biofouling from organism colonization and inorganic fouling from non-living particles. Nature offers many solutions to control fouling through various physical and chemical control mechanisms. Examples include low d...