in order to increase the knowledge of saurida tumbil biology and ecology, an investigation of food habits of this species was conducted from october 2010 to september 2011 in bushehr coastal waters, persian gulf. 485 fish stomach contents were studied. in this study the frequency of occurrence of prey, feeding intensity index, the index is empty stomachs, the mean trophic levels and the rate of...

Abstract Cannibalism is a commonly found behaviour in the animal kingdom. The biggest concern of cannibalism that it reduces inclusive fitness cannibals by eliminating close relatives. Kin recognition strategy used many to benefit from without cost reducing their eating Most members family Phytoseiidae are cannibalistic. Previous studies suggest specialist phytoseiids practice kin recognition, ...

Keywords: accuracy cannibalism competition earwig Forficula auricularia group size kin recognition siblicide temporal dynamics In group-living or social species intraspecific predation and cannibalism can lead to substantial decreases in inclusive fitness because related individuals may encounter one another. Therefore, selection on the ability and accuracy of kin recognition to avoid losses in...

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Inclusive fitness theory predicts that organisms can increase their fitness by helping or not harming relatives, and many animals modify their behavior toward kin in a manner consistent with this prediction. Morphogenesis also may be sensitive to kinship environment, particularly in species where certain individuals facultatively develop structures that can be used against conspecifics as weapo...

Cannibalism is induced in larval-stage populations of the Hokkaido salamander, Hynobius retardatus, under the control of a cannibalism reaction norm. Here, I examined phenotypic expression under the cannibalism reaction norm, and how the induction of a cannibalistic morph under the norm leads to populational morphological diversification. I conducted a set of experiments in which density was ma...