The sensitivity of posttetanic potentiation (PTP) to high-frequency stimulation (HFS) steeply decays during the first 2 postnatal weeks. We investigated the underlying mechanisms for the developmental change of PTP induced by HFS (100 Hz, 2 s) at postnatal days 4-6 and 9-11 at the rat calyx of Held synapse. Low-concentration tetraphenylphosphonium (2 μM), an inhibitor of mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(...

12 Developmental changes in Ca 2+ clearance and short-term plasticity 13 14 15 Abstract 26 27 The sensitivity of post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) to high frequency stimulation (HFS) steeply decays during 28 the first two postnatal weeks. We investigated the underlying mechanisms for the developmental change of PTP 29 induced by HFS (100 Hz, 2 sec) at postnatal days 4-6 and 9-11 at the rat calyx ...

We made flattened neuroepithelial preparations of horizontal and vertical (anterior and posterior) cristae from mouse, rat, gerbil, guinea pig, chinchilla, and tree squirrel. Calretinin immunohistochemistry was used to label the calyx class of afferents. Because these afferents are restricted to the central zone of the crista, their distribution allowed us to delineate this zone. In addition to...

Endoparasitic wasps are able to develop inside permissive host insects due to their ability to overcome or evade the host's immune system. In the present study, we provide experimental evidence that ovarian calyx fluid of the ichneumonid endoparasitoid Venturia canescens has the potential to alter host haemocyte spreading and inhibit host haemolymph melanisation due to the presence of a putativ...

A field experiment was conducted to assess the optimum inter- and intra-row spacing on growth, yield and yield component of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in 2014/15 cropping season at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center experimental site (at Wondo Genet station). Two inter-row spacing (60 and 90 cm) and three intra-row spacing (30, 60 and 90 cm) were evaluated using two varieties, WG-Hi...

22 23 Familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 (FHM1) is caused by missense mutations in the CACNA1A 24 gene that encodes the α1A pore-forming subunit of CaV2.1 Ca channels. We used knock-in (KI) 25 transgenic mice harbouring the pathogenic FHM-1 mutation R192Q to study neurotransmission at the 26 calyx of Held synapse and cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal cells (PCs). Using whole cell patch clamp 27 rec...

Ototoxicity is known to cause permanent loss of vestibule function through degeneration of sensory hair cells (HCs). However, functional recovery has been reported during washout after chronic ototoxicity, although the mechanisms underlying this reversible dysfunction are unknown. Here, we study this question in rats chronically exposed to the ototoxic compound 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)....

Social Hymenoptera are important models for analyzing functional brain plasticity. These insects provide the opportunity to learn how individuals' social roles are related to flexible investment in different brain regions. We assessed how age, sex, and individual behavior influence brain development in a primitively eusocial paper wasp, Mischocyttarus mastigophorus. Previous research in other s...

Weeds pose major constraints in crop production. The use of allelochemicals and allelopathic species can provide an effective alternative for sustainable weed management. In a previous study that evaluated the activity wild cultivated plants Turkey, Hibiscus sabdariffa demonstrated strongest inhibitory potential. This aimed to estimate phytotoxic influence H. water crude extracts on Lactuca sat...