Regulation of NF kappaB activity is central to many processes during development and disease. Activation of NF kappaB family members depends on degradation of inhibitory I kappaB proteins. In Drosophila, a nuclear gradient of the NF kappaB/c-rel protein Dorsal subdivides the embryonic dorsal-ventral axis, defining the extent and location of mesodermal and ectodermal territories. Activation of t...

We performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of epicuticular hydrocarbon variation in 1650 F(2) males from crosses of Baja California and mainland Mexico populations of Drosophila mojavensis cultured on two major host cacti. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed five PCs that accounted for 82% of the total epicuticular hydrocarbon variation. Courtship trials with mainland females...

A cactus graph is a connected graph in which every block is either an edge or a cycle. An optimal algorithm is presented here to find a maximum independent set and maximum 2-independent set on cactus graphs in O(n) time, where n is the total number of vertices of the graph. The cactus graph has many applications in real life problems, specially in radio communication system.

Absttact. A cactus graph is a connected graph in which every block is either an edge or a cycle. An optimal algorithm is presented here to find minimum cardinality 2-neighbourhood-covering set on cactus graphs in) (n O time, where n is the total number of vertices of the graph. The cactus graph has many applications in real life problems, specially in radio communication system.

A cactus graph is a connected graph in which every block is either an edge or a cycle. An optimal algorithm is presented here to find the maximum and the minimum height spanning trees on cactus graphs in O(n) time, where n is the total number of vertices of the graph. The cactus graph has many applications in real life problems, specially in radio communication system.

A cactus graph is a connected graph in which every block is either an edge or a cycle. In this paper we give a brief idea how to design some optimal algorithms on cactus graphs in O(n) time, where n is the total number of vertices of the graph. The cactus graph has many applications in real life problems, specially in radio communication system.

1. Resolving the controversy over the prevalence of generalization in plant–pollinator interactions requires field studies characterizing the pollination effectiveness of all a plant’s floral visitors. Herein, the pollination effectiveness of all visitors to two species of barrel cactus ( Ferocactus ) was quantified. 2. Flowers of both species were pollinated almost exclusively by cactus-specia...

Rel-family transcription factors function in a variety of biological processes, including development and immunity. During early Drosophila development, the Toll-Cactus-Dorsal pathway regulates the establishment of the embryonic dorsoventral axis. The last step in this pathway is the graded nuclear import of the Rel protein Dorsal. Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm by the IkappaB-family prote...

Sexual selection is often assumed to be strong and consistent, yet increasing research shows it can fluctuate over space and time. Few experimental studies have examined changes in sexual selection in response to natural environmental variation. Here, we use a difference in resource quality to test for the influence of past environmental conditions and current environmental conditions on male a...

In Drosophila, dorsal-ventral polarity is determined by a maternally encoded signal transduction pathway that culminates in the graded nuclear localization of the Rel protein, Dorsal. Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm by the IkappaB protein, Cactus. Signal-dependent phosphorylation of Cactus results in the degradation of Cactus and the nuclear targeting of Dorsal. We present an in-depth study...