Biological safety cabinets are frequently relied upon to provide sterile work environments in which hazardous microorganisms can be safely handled. Verification of correct airstream velocities does not, by itself, ensure that adequate protection will be achieved under all users. Instead, the concentration of microorganisms in a cabinet operator's breathing zone must be measured during typical c...

Microbiological research on and diagnostics of highly pathogenic microorganisms, namely bacteria and viruses, have to be conducted in containment laboratories in order to contain the infectious material. We are therefore referring to the ‘‘Concept of Biocontainment’’ – a concept, which dates back to the 1940s, when the first biosafety cabinet (BSC) class III was developed at the US Army Biologi...

Perception of moving sound sources obeys different brain processes from those mediating the localization of static sound events. In view of these specificities, a preprocessing model was designed, based on the main perceptual cues involved in the auditory perception of moving sound sources, such as the intensity, timbre, reverberation, and frequency shift processes. This model is the first step...

Ryan's theory is that a virus behaves as an aggressive symbiont in that it can con-comitantly live within a host (enjoying protection and employing its replicative facility) without causing disease and benefit the host by designedly causing disease in rival species. He uses this concept to introduce the idea that the emergence of viruses is inevitable when one species imposes on the habitat of ...

One key message from our report, and from the Institute's sister report on Government Transitions, is that preparation and planning by all these groups is key. We offer this brief guide to what the implications of a hung parliament would be. Where relevant, references are made to the draft Chapter 6 of the new Cabinet Manual that is being published by the Cabinet Office. This was also the subje...

A study was conducted to find out the optimum tray load and drier type for the drying of osmosed mango, guava slices and aonla segments. The osmosed slices and segments were dehydrated in a cabinet drier, low temperature drier and vacuum drier with the tray loads of 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 g/cm. On the basis of, correlation and regression analyses performed by using dehydration time (h), drie...