Transcription initiation by eukaryotic RNA polymerase (Pol) III relies on the TFIIE-related subcomplex C82/34/31. Here we combine cross-linking and hydroxyl radical probing to position the C82/34/31 subcomplex around the Pol III active center cleft. The extended winged helix (WH) domains 1 and 4 of C82 localize to the polymerase domains clamp head and clamp core, respectively, and the two WH do...

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) consists of a complex of gp120 and gp41. gp120 determines viral tropism by binding to target-cell receptors, while gp41 mediates fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Previous studies identified an alpha-helical domain within gp41 composed of a trimer of two interacting peptides. The crystal structure of this comple...

A highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of the cytotoxic marine macrolide aplyronine C is described. The route exploits aldol methodology to install the requisite stereochemistry and features a crucial boron-mediated aldol coupling of an N-vinylformamide-bearing methyl ketone with a macrocyclic aldehyde to introduce the full side chain. The synthesis of two novel C21-C34 side chain analogs is...

We propose a method of moment estimator for a stochastic frontier model in which one of the independent variables is measured with errors. The estimator requires only minimal distributional assumption on the measurement error, has no need for additional data, and is computationally inexpensive. A Monte Carlo study and an empirical example show favorable performances by this estimator. JEL Class...

[reaction: see text] An enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-mucocin has been completed. A combination of asymmetric glycolate aldol additions and ring closing metathesis reactions were exploited to construct the C18-C34 and C7-C17 fragments. A selective cross-metathesis reaction was employed as the key step to couple two complex fragments.

A reduction in proteasome activity and accumulation of oxidized proteins may play a role in alcoholic liver disease. The current study assessed proteasome peptidase activities and oxidative modifications of proteasomes during oxidative stress generated by CYP2E1. The model of toxicity by arachidonic acid (AA) and iron [ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)] in HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP2E1 (E47...

To test whether type 2 diabetic patients have an elevated level of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and responsible for altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism, which we recently found to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM), synovial fluid (SF) and plasma samples were collected from OA patients with and without DM. Hyperglycemia-related AGEs including methylgl...

A new compounds named 3-4′-bipyrazoles 2 and 3 were synthesized in high chemical yield from a reaction of pyran-2,4-diketone 1 with aryl hydrazines under thermal conditions MeOH. Compound was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. It crystalizes triclinic crystal system space group P-1. Its structure found to be good agreement the spectral characterizations. With aid Hirshfel...

Most cross-sectional data sets collect income in a discrete number of categories (that is, in grouped form) to simplify the respondent’s task and to encourage a response. In spite of such grouped data collection, many respondents refuse to provide information on income. This paper develops a method to impute a continuous and reliable value for income from grouped and missing income data. JEL cl...

I specify an econometric model to estimate the causal effects of environmental factors on individuals’ life-cycle health outcome, and outline a semiparametric control function approach to test and correct for the possible selectivity bias that may arise due to endogenous choice of residence by individuals. I show how to map Union Army Sample data to elements of this model in practice. JEL Class...