JOHN STEPHEN,* SUSAN C. REDMOND,* TIMOTHY J. MITCHELL,* JULIAN KETLEY,* DAVID C. A. CANDY,? DOUGLAS W. BURDONt and RICHARD DANIEL§ *Department of Microbiology. University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 ZTT, U.K., tlnstitute of Child Health, Francis Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B16 8ET. U.K. , $Department of Microbiology, General Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH U.K. , an...

The aim of this study was to isolate Clostridium difficile from dogs’ faeces, and to study the frequency of its virulence genes. A total of 151 samples of dogs’ faeces were collected. The isolation of C. difficile was performed by using the bacterial culture methods followed by DNA extraction using boiling method. Multiplex PCR method was performed for identification of tcdA, tcdB, cdtA and cdt...

background detection of fastidious enteropathogenic bacteria in fecal samples of patients with gastroenteritis is a challenge in clinical microbiological laboratories. objectives the aim of this study was to compare the detection limits of the pcr and culture methods for the diagnosis of campylobacter spp., yersinia spp., clostridium perfringens, and clostridium difficile in human stool samples...

Di-tri-octahedral smectite was effective in neutralizing Clostridium difficile toxins A and B as well as Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in vitro. However, di-tri-octahedral smectite did not inhibit the growth of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens, nor did it interfere with the activity of metronidazole. Di-tri-octahedral smectite may be a useful option for the treatment of c...

conclusions based on the findings of this study, s. aureus enterotoxin c (sec) has been detected in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by pcr and elisa methods. these valuable findings may describe the exact etiology of the ra and as well as change the methods of its diagnosis and treatment. this is the first research, which has shown the staphylococcal entc gene in synovial f...

In 1978, C. difficile was identified as the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis [1]. There has been a worldwide increase in the incidence and severity of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) due to increased use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial, crowded hospital wards [2,3] and/or poor infection control [4,5]. Pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic use may alter the balan...

Background: Clostridium perfringens is known as the most widely distributed pathogenic microorganism in nature. It is an extremely important pathogen of human and domestic animals. In a commonly used classification scheme, C. perfringens is divided into five toxinotypes (A to E) based on the production of four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota). Enterotoxin is not usually used for C....

clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. it is usually a consequence of antibiotic treatment, but sporadic cases can occur. this study was aimed to determine the frequency of the nosocomial clostridium difficile (c. difficile) associated diarrhea in tehran university of medical sciences hospitals and study of antibacterial susceptibility of isolates. in this study ...

Complete toxigenicity studies were performed on 341 strains of Campylobacter spp., including 23 nonhuman isolates. Toxin profiles based on both cytotonic and cytotoxic factors were determined after analyzing responses in Vero, HeLa, CHO and Y-1 cells. Suckling mouse assays were consistently negative for all culture filtrates tested. Toxin-producing strains were frequently encountered among both...