o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n a s u p p l y c h a i n a r e i n d e p e n d e n t e n t i t i e s. a l t h o u g h a c o m p l e t e l y i n t e g r a t e d s o l u t i o n m a y r e s u l t i n o p t i m a l s y s t e m p e r f o r m a n c e, s u p p l y c h a i n m e m b e r s a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n o p t i m i z i n g t h e i r o w n o b j e c t i v e r a t h e r t h a n t h a t o f t...

conclusions according to the results, the polymorphisms within the +49 position of ctla-4 can be associated with vl and may be considered as risk factors for the disease. results our results indicated that both ctla-4 +49a/g polymorphisms were significantly associated with vl. materials and methods in this cross-sectional study, 88 patients with clinical presentations of vl, who were seropositi...

the goal of this article is mapping urban management science. the main question of the research is “what are the subject areas of urban management science and how is the relation between these subject areas?” the map of urban management science can help to recognize urban management and its subject areas and can help policy makers to get familiar with the priorities in this subject area. for th...

drought is the most common environmental stresses that affects plant growth. to study the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (glomus intratadices) and jasmonic acid on growth and ecophysiologycal characteristics of pistachio seedlings cv. qazvini under drought stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. experimental fact...

abstract objective ethylmalonic encephalopathy (ee) is a severe mitochondrial disease of early infancy clinically characterized by a combination of developmental delay, progressive pyramidal signs and vascular lesions including petechial purpura, orthostatic acrocyanosis and chronic hemorrhagic diarrhoea. biochemical hallmarks of the disease are persistently high levels of lactate, and c4–c5-ac...

the study of spatial and temporal changes in climate parameters, is one the most important issues in the world's climate research. study of changes in cloud cover as one of the most important climate parameters is important, because clouds are in top of hydrologic cycle and changes in them make changes in spatial and temporal variations in other climate parameters. in this study, the spati...

introduction: ischemia leads to loss of neurons by apoptosis in specific brain regions, especially in the hippocampus. the purpose of this study was investigating the effects of exercise preconditioning on expression of bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in hippocampal ca1 neurons after induction of cerebral ischemia. methods: male rats weighing 260-300 g were randomly allocated into three grou...