Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are an important class of psychoactive drugs with hypnotic-sedative, myorelaxant, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties due to interaction the GABAa receptor in central nervous system mammals. BZDs interesting both clinical forensic toxicology for their pharmacological characteristics potential abuse. The presence a non-planar diazepine ring generates chiral conformati...

Background Older adults are susceptible to adverse effects from opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and benzodiazepines (BZDs). We investigated factors associated with the administration of elevated doses of these medications of interest to older adults (≥65 years old) in the emergency department (ED). Patients and methods ED records were queried for the administration of ...

A family of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones (BZDs) has been synthesized and evaluated against transformed B- and T-cells for lymphotoxic members. A large aromatic group on the C3 position is critical for cytotoxicity. When the C3 moiety contains an electron-rich heterocycle, the resulting BZDs have sub-micromolar potency and are selective for T-cells. Cell death is consistent with apoptosis and d...

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are one of the most important drugs that have been used in treatment neuropsychological disorders. Indeed, BZDs abused by drug addicts regardless their therapeutic uses. Therefore, it was forensic and clinical toxicology to reach an easy reliable method for screening quantification human plasma matrix. In current work, five BZDs, namely bromazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, ...

A high performance liquid chromatographic method with ultra violet detection for simultaneous analysis of six benzodiazepines (BZDs) (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, clonazepam, midazolam , flurazpam and lorazepam) has been developed for forensic screening of adulterated non-alcoholic drinks. Samples were analyzed after a simple procedure for preparation using pH adjustment and filtering. Isocratic...

A high performance liquid chromatographic method with ultra violet detection for simultaneous analysis of six benzodiazepines (BZDs) (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, clonazepam, midazolam , flurazpam and lorazepam) has been developed for forensic screening of adulterated non-alcoholic drinks. Samples were analyzed after a simple procedure for preparation using pH adjustment and filtering. Isocratic...

AIM To examine comprehensively the relationship between exposure to four classes of psychotropic drugs including antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs, and motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). METHOD The authors conducted a matched case-control study of 5183 subjects with MVAs and 31 093 matched controls, identified from the claims records of outpatient service visits...

Introduction. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon (Z-drugs) are commonly prescribed to HIV-infected patients. We hypothesized that frequent BZD and Z-drug use among these patients may be associated with psychiatric illnesses, particularly in long-term users. Methods. We included 1,081 patients with HIV between 1998 and 2011 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Rese...

BACKGROUND Benzodiazepines (BZDs), the most commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs with anxiolytic action, may cause hyposalivation. It has been previously shown that BZDs can cause hypertrophy and decrease the acini cell number. In this study, we investigated the effects of BZDs and pilocarpine on rat parotid glands, specifically on acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. METHODS Ninety mal...

background: for treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome, high dose benzodiazepines (bzds) may cause delirium and over-sedation. phenobarbital (pbt) is a long-acting barbiturate effective for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. given the potential benefits of pbt, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of pbt as adjunctive treatment for alcohol withdrawal. methods: this was a retros...