patients and methods this study was carried out in 482 hemodialysis patients who had been referred to eight dialysis centers in the mazandaran province in iran from 2012 - 2014. hbs ag, hcv ab, hbs ab and hiv ab were assessed every three months for two years. the patients’ demographic characteristics, including age, gender, area of residence, and duration of dialysis, were noted. the prevalence...

To describe how often a disease or another health event occurs in a population, different measures of disease frequency can be used. The prevalence reflects the number of existing cases of a disease. In contrast to the prevalence, the incidence reflects the number of new cases of disease and can be reported as a risk or as an incidence rate. Prevalence and incidence are used for different purpo...

background the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) varies among different societies. the aim of this study is to determine the incidence rate of ibd in kerman, a city in southeast iran. methods all medical records that indicated a new diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (uc) or crohn`s disease (cd) were retrieved from the gastrointestinal endoscopy and pathology departments of 12 centers ...

this study aimed to estimate the rate of pressure ulcers in intensive care units (icus) and medical and surgical wards of iranian hospitals and compare the performance of methods of medical record review as well as direct observation for their detection.the research team visited 308 patients in medical and surgical wards of hospitals affiliated with tehran university of medical sciences and a f...

This article is the second in a series of two and presented findings from field-testing an experimental boardgame (Musa-game) with banana farmers four villages Eastern Rwanda. The conceptualization design Musa-game were described Part I. gives insights into how farmers’ individual collective decision-making actions regarding management public bad interplay other factors characteristics socio-ec...

Abstract This study analyzes the influence of livelihood assets on Ugandan farmers’ decisions to control Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), a disease that has threatened banana production and livelihoods farmers since 2001. The BXW strategy is based simultaneous implementation four cultural practices: de-budding, infected plant removal, disinfecting tools, using clean planting materials. Sustainabl...

background & aim: evaluation of prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer in different regions of iran and identification of their significant effect on this disease can promote the prevention and reduction of breast cancer incidence. therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and frequency of the risk factors of breast cancer during 10 years. method...