Submucosal deposition of bulking agents is increasingly used for the treatment of intrinsic stress urinary incontinence both in male and female patients. Bulking agents should ideally be nonimmunogenic, biocompatible, non-migratory, injectable, cause a minimal inflammatory reaction, retain the submucosal bulging effect, and reasonably cheap. None of the agents available to date fully meets thes...

PURPOSE Subureteral injection of bulking agents in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux is widely accepted therapy with high success rates. Although the grade of vesicoureteric reflux and experience of surgeon is the mainstay of this success, the characteristics of augmenting substances may have an effect particularly in the long term. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evalu...

The demands on the functionality of excipients are increasing day by because emergence high-speed tableting machines and use direct compression methods for tableting. Direct compressible is preferred method preparation tablet. Excipient play an important role in formulating a dosage form. these ingredient which along with active pharmaceutical make up forms. act as protective agent, bulking age...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and persistence of injectable polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres as a long-lasting urethral bulking agent in pigs. PMMA microspheres of 2 different diameters (40 and 125 μm) were tested to investigate the potential for migration and dislocation after injection. A similar product containing 40-μm PMMA microspheres has been used as an injectable wrinkle f...

BACKGROUND Injectable bulking treatment for fecal incontinence (FI) is intended to expand tissue in the anal canal and prevent fecal leakage. Use of injectable bulking agents is increasing because it can be performed in an outpatient setting and with low risk for morbidity. This study evaluated the long-term (36-month) clinical effectiveness and safety of injection of non-animal stabilized hyal...

Objectives. To test the physical properties and host response to the bioceramic particles, silica-calcium phosphate (SCPC10) and Cristobalite, in a rat animal model and compare their biocompatibility to the current clinically utilized urethral bulking materials. Material and Methods. The novel bulking materials, SCPC10 and Cristobalite, were suspended in hyaluronic acid sodium salt and injected...

Activated sludge process has been widely adopted to remove pollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, stable operation of activated sludge process is often compromised by the occurrence of filamentous bulking. The aim of this study is to build a proper model for timely diagnosis and prediction of filamentous sludge bulking in an activated sludge process. This study developed a ...

Introduction: Dissatisfaction of penile girth is an increasing phenomenon. We have noticed an increased number of patients presenting with complications following injection of bulking agents into the penis. In both the medical and non-medical setting, commonly injected bulking agents include paraffin, petroleum jelly, mineral oil, cod liver oil, metallic mercury, and petroleum jelly. Case repor...